Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Jun 15;518-519:605-15. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.064. Epub 2015 Mar 24.
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in blubber from 35 dead Southern Right Whales (SRW - Eubalaena australis) stranded at Península Valdés, Argentina. The life cycle includes a feeding period in high productivity areas of the South West Atlantic and a reproductive period in coastal template waters of Argentina. Organochlorine pesticides showed higher concentrations (22.6±13.8 ng·g(-1)ww) than PCBs (7.5±10 ng·g(-1)ww). Among pesticides, HCHs, DDTs, endosulfans, dieldrin, chlordans, heptachlor epoxide, and trans-nonachlor were detected. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT were present in 69% and 26% of samples, respectively. p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratio showed low values (<0.33) as a result of aged DDT inputs. However, the occurrence of only p,p'-DDT in some samples suggests a recent pesticide input. α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio (<DL-0.37) indicated no recent contribution of technical HCH mixture and/or current use of lindane. Dieldrin was present in 77% of the samples and endosulfan was detected in all samples with predominance of α- (75%) over β-endosulfan (19%) and scarce contribution of endosulfan sulphate (7%), suggesting a recent input of this insecticide to the environment in the SRW foraging area. A predominance of pentachlorobiphenyls was observed. In 21 samples at least one PCB indicator was found and PCB #118, highly toxic, contributed in 5% to total PCBs. Although all these organochlorine compounds are forbidden they were bioaccumulated in the blubber of SRW with a predominance of endosulfans, the more recently used pesticide. The absence of data on chemical pollutants in stranded dead whales is highlighted as a priority for research. This is the first study on levels, compositional patterns, and organochlorine sources in SRW. Moreover, more research including milk, and other tissues/organs is recommended considered that in the studied specimens, mostly calves, pollutants are likely transferred from the mother during pregnancy and nursing.
对在阿根廷瓦尔迪兹半岛搁浅的 35 头南方露脊鲸（Eubalaena australis）的鲸脂进行了有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）的评估。其生命周期包括在西南大西洋高生产力区的摄食期和在阿根廷沿海水域的繁殖期。有机氯农药的浓度（22.6±13.8ng·g(-1)ww）高于多氯联苯（7.5±10ng·g(-1)ww）。在所检测的农药中，包括 HCHs、DDTs、硫丹、狄氏剂、氯丹、七氯环氧化物和反式-非诺氯。69%和 26%的样本中分别存在 p,p'-DDE 和 p,p'-DDT。p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE 比值较低（<0.33），表明 DDT 的输入年代较久。然而，一些样本中仅存在 p,p'-DDT，表明近期有农药输入。α-HCH/γ-HCH 比值（<DL-0.37）表明近期没有技术 HCH 混合物的贡献，也没有林丹的使用。77%的样本中存在狄氏剂，所有样本中均检测到硫丹，α-硫丹（75%）为主，β-硫丹（19%）次之，硫丹硫酸盐（7%）贡献甚微，表明该杀虫剂近期在南方露脊鲸觅食区环境中输入。五氯联苯占主导地位。在 21 个样本中至少发现了一种 PCB 指示物，高毒性的 PCB #118 对总 PCB 的贡献率为 5%。尽管所有这些有机氯化合物都被禁用，但它们在南方露脊鲸的鲸脂中生物积累，以硫丹为主，硫丹是最近使用的农药。强调指出，在搁浅死亡的鲸鱼身上缺乏有关化学污染物的数据，这是研究的优先事项。这是南方露脊鲸水平、组成模式和有机氯来源的首次研究。此外，建议对其进行更多研究，包括牛奶和其他组织/器官的研究，因为在所研究的标本中，大多是幼鲸，污染物可能在怀孕和哺乳期间从母亲转移过来。
