Van Lanen Kathleen, Sande Allison
Veterinary Centers of America Veterinary Referral Associates, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, USA.
Top Companion Anim Med. 2014 Dec;29(4):88-95. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 17.
Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison disease) is an uncommon condition in dogs and even more rare in cats. Hypoadrenocorticism is most often caused by immune-mediated destruction of the adrenal glands resulting in decreased mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid production. Although less common, some dogs with hypoadrenocorticism have normal serum electrolytes. Hypoadrenocorticism causes a wide variety of clinical symptoms including gastrointestinal upset, weakness, weight loss, and hypovolemia. Laboratory and diagnostic findings vary, but classic abnormalities include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, azotemia, anemia, and lack of a stress leukogram. However, many other diseases present with similar symptoms and diagnostic findings. Definitive diagnosis requires adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation testing to demonstrate low basal and post-ACTH cortisol levels. In some cases, ACTH level or basal- and ACTH-stimulated aldosterone levels must also be measured. The prognosis for hypoadrenocorticism is good with appropriate mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid supplementation.
肾上腺皮质功能减退症（艾迪生病）在犬中并不常见，在猫中更为罕见。肾上腺皮质功能减退症最常见的病因是免疫介导的肾上腺破坏，导致盐皮质激素和糖皮质激素分泌减少。虽然不太常见，但一些患有肾上腺皮质功能减退症的犬血清电解质正常。肾上腺皮质功能减退症会引发多种临床症状，包括胃肠道不适、虚弱、体重减轻和血容量减少。实验室检查和诊断结果各不相同，但典型异常包括高钾血症、低钠血症、氮质血症、贫血以及缺乏应激白细胞象。然而，许多其他疾病也会出现类似症状和诊断结果。确诊需要进行促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）刺激试验，以证明基础和ACTH刺激后的皮质醇水平较低。在某些情况下，还必须测量ACTH水平或基础及ACTH刺激后的醛固酮水平。通过适当补充盐皮质激素和糖皮质激素，肾上腺皮质功能减退症的预后良好。
