de Brito Arduino Marylene, Mucci Luis Filipe, Serpa Ligia Leandro Nunes, Rodrigues Marianni de Moura
Endemic Disease Control Superintendence (Superintendência de Controle de Endemias), São Paulo State Department of Health (Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo), Brazil.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2015 Mar;52(1):79-87.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Mosquito larvae can develop in fresh, salty and brackish water. The larvae of Aedes aegypti develop in fresh water. However, in laboratory studies, tolerance of this species for oviposition and hatching in brackish water was observed. Immature forms of Ae. aegypti have also been found developing in brackish water in coastal areas. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of salt on the biological cycle of Ae. aegypti populations from coastal and plateau areas of southeastern Brazil.
Aedes aegypti were collected from plateau (Taubaté) and coastal (São Sebastião) municipalities to establish colonies. Specimens of the F1 generation were exposed to five salt concentrations (3.5, 7, 10.5, 14 and 17.5%) to assess the oviposition and cycle development from egg hatching to adult eclosion. Deionized water was used in the control groups.
Both Taubaté and São Sebastião populations oviposited in all salt concentrations tested; however, development occurred in all except in the 17.5% concentration. Significant differences in development and adult size were observed at intermediate concentrations (São Sebastião from 10.5% and Taubaté from 7%, for both variables) between the two populations.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed different response patterns to salinity between the two populations, suggesting better adaptive adjustment of the coastal population to the metabolic constraints exerted by salt. The implications of this adaptation are discussed, and additional studies are suggested to evaluate the mechanisms that determinate the adaptive processes of Ae. aegypti in brackish water and the implications to its vectorial capacity.
蚊虫幼虫可在淡水、咸水和微咸水中发育。埃及伊蚊幼虫在淡水中发育。然而，在实验室研究中，观察到该物种在微咸水中的产卵和孵化耐受性。在沿海地区的微咸水中也发现了埃及伊蚊的未成熟形态。本研究的目的是比较盐对巴西东南部沿海和高原地区埃及伊蚊种群生物周期的影响。
从高原地区（陶贝特）和沿海地区（圣塞巴斯蒂昂）收集埃及伊蚊以建立种群。将F₁代样本暴露于五种盐浓度（3.5%、7%、10.5%、14%和17.5%）下，以评估从卵孵化到成虫羽化的产卵和周期发育情况。对照组使用去离子水。
陶贝特和圣塞巴斯蒂昂种群在所有测试盐浓度下均产卵；然而，除17.5%浓度外，其他浓度下均有发育。在两个种群的中间浓度（圣塞巴斯蒂昂为10.5%，陶贝特为7%，两个变量均如此）下，观察到发育和成虫大小存在显著差异。
本研究结果显示两个种群对盐度的反应模式不同，表明沿海种群对盐施加的代谢限制具有更好的适应性调整。讨论了这种适应性的影响，并建议进行更多研究以评估决定埃及伊蚊在微咸水中适应性过程的机制及其对其媒介能力的影响。
