Majhi Jitendra, Singh Himmat, Kumar Gaurav, Prasad Pooja, Gupta Sanjeev Kumar, Singh Ritesh, Sengupta Paramita, Garg Vinay, Nagrale Ninad Vilas
Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
Ann Afr Med. 2025 Jul 1;24(3):656-661. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_129_24. Epub 2025 May 30.
Vector control measures assume utmost importance in the absence of specific treatment against clinically complicated Dengue virus infections. Preventive measures such as reduction of mosquito larvae breeding hot spots also include spraying of insecticides. However, insecticides pose a risk to the general population as well as to the environment. A search for a suitable environmentally friendly substitute for insecticides has been one of the goals of all researchers round the globe.
To investigate the possibility of using salt in existing vector control programs, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of saline water on mosquito larva in the present study.
Larvae of Aedes aegypti were subjected to six different doses of salt solutions ranging from 0.5% to 3% for the larval bioassay. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90 values) for 50% and 90% mortality were computed. Simultaneously, gravid females, A. aegypti mosquitoes, were released into the cage for egg-laying, and from the 4th day onward, the eggs were counted. Egg-hatching tests were also done in the salt solution to assess the influence of salinity on egg hatching.
The findings imply that a salt concentration of 1%-2% is lethal for A. aegypti . With a salinity content of more than 2%, no egg-laying was observed. After control, the maximum emergence (64.5%) was recorded in a water bowl containing 8% saltwater (66%). The threshold concentration was found to be between 0.5% and 1.0%, after which the mortality of the hatched larvae rose sharply, reaching 100% in 24 h at 2.0% concentration. At a salinity of 2%, common salt sodium chloride (NaCl) was shown to be efficient in killing A. aegypti larvae.
Unlike other insecticides, salt is nontoxic, crystalline, cost-effective, stable, and easy to implement. More studies on this aspect of salt may be undertaken in the future to assess its efficacy in field conditions.
在缺乏针对临床复杂登革热病毒感染的特效治疗方法的情况下，病媒控制措施至关重要。诸如减少蚊虫幼虫滋生热点等预防措施还包括喷洒杀虫剂。然而，杀虫剂对普通人群和环境都构成风险。寻找一种合适的环保型杀虫剂替代品一直是全球所有研究人员的目标之一。
为了研究在现有病媒控制项目中使用盐的可能性，我们在本研究中调查了不同浓度盐水对蚊虫幼虫的影响。
在幼虫生物测定中，埃及伊蚊幼虫接受了六种不同剂量的盐溶液处理，浓度范围从0.5%到3%。计算了导致50%和90%死亡率的致死浓度（LC50和LC90值）。同时，将怀孕的雌性埃及伊蚊放入笼子里产卵，从第4天开始，对卵进行计数。还在盐溶液中进行了卵孵化试验，以评估盐度对卵孵化的影响。
研究结果表明，1%-2%的盐浓度对埃及伊蚊具有致死性。盐度超过2%时，未观察到产卵现象。在对照组之后，在含有8%盐水的水盆中记录到了最高的羽化率（64.5%）（66%）。发现阈值浓度在0.5%到1.0%之间，在此之后，孵化出的幼虫死亡率急剧上升，在2.0%的浓度下24小时内死亡率达到100%。在2%的盐度下，氯化钠（NaCl）被证明对杀死埃及伊蚊幼虫有效。
与其他杀虫剂不同，盐无毒、呈晶体状、具有成本效益、稳定且易于实施。未来可能会在这方面开展更多研究，以评估其在野外条件下的效果。
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