He Canxia, Shan Yujuan, Song Wei
School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
Nutr Res. 2015 May;35(5):361-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 14.
The incidence of diabetes has increased rapidly across the entire world in the last 2 decades. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Several studies have demonstrated that patients with diabetes are characterized by a moderate degree of gut microbial dysbiosis. However, there are still substantial controversies regarding altered composition of the gut microbiota and the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota interact with the body's metabolism. The purpose of this review is to define the association between gut microbiota and diabetes. In doing so an electronic search of studies published in English from January 2004 to the November 2014 in the National Library of Medicine, including the original studies that addressed the effects of gut microbiota on diabetes, energy metabolism, inflammation, the immune system, gut permeability and insulin resistance, was performed. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota are involved in the development of diabetes, including energy metabolism, inflammation, the innate immune system, and the bowel function of the intestinal barrier. The compositional changes in the gut microbiota in type 2 and type 1 diabetes are also discussed. Moreover, we introduce the new findings of fecal transplantation, and use of probiotics and prebiotics as new treatment strategies for diabetes. Future research should be focused on defining the primary species of the gut microbiota and their exact roles in diabetes, potentially increasing the possibility of fecal transplants as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
在过去20年里，糖尿病的发病率在全球范围内迅速上升。越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群与糖尿病的发病机制有关。多项研究表明，糖尿病患者的特征是存在一定程度的肠道微生物失调。然而，关于肠道微生物群组成的改变以及肠道微生物群与机体代谢相互作用的潜在机制，仍然存在大量争议。本综述的目的是明确肠道微生物群与糖尿病之间的关联。为此，我们在国立医学图书馆对2004年1月至2014年11月以英文发表的研究进行了电子检索，包括探讨肠道微生物群对糖尿病、能量代谢、炎症、免疫系统、肠道通透性和胰岛素抵抗影响的原始研究。在此，我们讨论肠道微生物群参与糖尿病发生发展的可能机制，包括能量代谢、炎症、固有免疫系统以及肠道屏障的肠功能。我们还讨论了2型和1型糖尿病中肠道微生物群的组成变化。此外，我们介绍了粪便移植的新发现，以及使用益生菌和益生元作为糖尿病新治疗策略的情况。未来的研究应集中于确定肠道微生物群的主要种类及其在糖尿病中的确切作用，这可能会增加粪便移植作为糖尿病治疗策略的可能性。
