Muñoz-Garach Araceli, Diaz-Perdigones Cristina, Tinahones Francisco J
Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
Endocrinol Nutr. 2016 Dec;63(10):560-568. doi: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.07.008. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
In recent years, many studies have related gut microbiome to development of highly prevalent diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Obesity itself is associated to changes in the composition of gut microbiome, with a trend to an overgrowth of microorganisms more efficiently obtaining energy from diet. There are several mechanisms that relate microbiota to the onset of insulin resistance and diabetes, including changes in bowel permeability, endotoxemia, interaction with bile acids, changes in the proportion of brown adipose tissue, and effects associated to use of drugs like metformin. Currently, use of pro and prebiotics and other new techniques such as gut microbiota transplant, or even antibiotic therapy, has been postulated to be useful tools to modulate the development of obesity and insulin resistance through the diet.
近年来，许多研究已将肠道微生物群与2型糖尿病和肥胖症等高度流行疾病的发展联系起来。肥胖本身与肠道微生物群组成的变化有关，呈现出能更有效地从饮食中获取能量的微生物过度生长的趋势。有多种机制将微生物群与胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的发病联系起来，包括肠道通透性的变化、内毒素血症、与胆汁酸的相互作用、棕色脂肪组织比例的变化以及与二甲双胍等药物使用相关的影响。目前，已推测使用益生元和益生菌以及其他新技术，如肠道微生物群移植，甚至抗生素治疗，是通过饮食调节肥胖和胰岛素抵抗发展的有用工具。
