Voss Andreas, Schroeder Rico, Heitmann Andreas, Peters Annette, Perz Siegfried
Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany.
Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 30;10(3):e0118308. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118308. eCollection 2015.
In the recent years, short-term heart rate variability (HRV) describing complex variations of beat-to-beat interval series that are mainly controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been increasingly analyzed to assess the ANS activity in different diseases and under various conditions. In contrast to long-term HRV analysis, short-term investigations (<30 min) provide a test result almost immediately. Thus, short-term HRV analysis is suitable for ambulatory care, patient monitoring and all those applications where the result is urgently needed. In a previous study, we could show significant variations of 5-min HRV indices according to age in almost all domains (linear and nonlinear) in 1906 healthy subjects from the KORA S4 cohort. Based on the same group of subjects, general gender-related influences on HRV indices are to be determined in this study. Short-term 5-min HRV indices from linear time and frequency domain and from nonlinear methods (compression entropy, detrended fluctuation analysis, traditional and segmented Poincaré plot analysis, irreversibility analysis, symbolic dynamics, correlation and mutual information analysis) were determined from 782 females and 1124 males. First, we examined the gender differences in two age clusters (25-49 years and 50-74 years). Secondly, we investigated the gender-specific development of HRV indices in five age decade categories, namely for ages 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years. In this study, significant modifications of the indices according to gender could be obtained, especially in the frequency domain and correlation analyses. Furthermore, there were significant modifications according to age in nearly all of the domains. The gender differences disappeared within the last two age decades and the age dependencies disappeared in the last decade. To summarize gender and age influences need to be considered when performing HRV studies even if these influences only partly differ.
近年来，短期心率变异性（HRV）用于描述逐搏间期序列的复杂变化，其主要受自主神经系统（ANS）控制，人们越来越多地通过分析短期心率变异性来评估不同疾病及各种情况下的自主神经活动。与长期HRV分析不同，短期研究（<30分钟）几乎能立即给出测试结果。因此，短期HRV分析适用于门诊护理、患者监测以及所有急需结果的应用场景。在之前的一项研究中，我们发现，在来自KORA S4队列的1906名健康受试者中，几乎所有领域（线性和非线性）的5分钟HRV指标都会随年龄出现显著变化。基于同一组受试者，本研究将确定性别对HRV指标的总体影响。我们测定了782名女性和1124名男性的线性时域和频域以及非线性方法（压缩熵、去趋势波动分析、传统和分段庞加莱图分析、不可逆性分析、符号动力学、相关性和互信息分析）的短期5分钟HRV指标。首先，我们研究了两个年龄组（25 - 49岁和50 - 74岁）的性别差异。其次，我们调查了五个年龄十年类别（即25 - 34岁、35 - 44岁、45 - 54岁、55 - 64岁和65 - 74岁）中HRV指标的性别特异性发展情况。在本研究中，可获得指标随性别而产生的显著变化，尤其是在频域和相关性分析中。此外，几乎所有领域的指标都会随年龄出现显著变化。性别差异在最后两个年龄十年中消失，年龄依赖性在最后一个十年中消失。总之，进行HRV研究时需要考虑性别和年龄的影响，即使这些影响只是部分不同。
