Brozat Maximillian, Böckelmann Irina, Sammito Stefan
German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany.
Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025 Jun 6;12(6):214. doi: 10.3390/jcdd12060214.
Heart rate variability (HRV) has been established as a measure for the variation in time intervals between successive cardiac actions as a marker of the autonomic nervous system. However, despite many efforts in this field, there are no reference values that are generally accepted. The objective of this systematic review is, therefore, to present an overview of the studies on HRV normal values published to date, with due consideration of any influencing factors. A systematic database query was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and PsychInfo using the search string "((hrv) or (heart rate variability)) and ((reference values) or (reference range) or (normal values))". Of the 6640 studies yielded by the query, 58 were used for this systematic review. The STARD-HRV procedure was used to assess the quality of the studies. The studies considered date from 1989 to 2022. The number of subjects examined was between 20 and 84,772. The age of the subjects was between 1 day and 99 years. A total of 51 of the studies examined both male and female subjects. In total, 19 studies used long-term measurements, 22 studies used short-term measurements, and 17 studies used intermediate measuring periods. Many different HRV parameters were analyzed, most often traditional time-domain and frequency-domain ones. Nine studies described the subjects as "healthy" without giving more detailed explanations. There are no generally accepted HRV normal values (yet). Some large studies provide values that may be used for orientation purposes. However, further studies are required to collect HRV normal values. It was not possible to merge the results of the studies in terms of a meta-analysis; this would also not be practical since, among other reasons, the consideration of confounders as well as recording and measuring modalities sometimes vary to a large extent and impede the comparability of the studies. Generally, HRV seems to be influenced by various mechanisms and external factors that are still not fully understood. An exploration of these factors will ultimately allow HRV normal values to be obtained in a manner that is generally accepted.
心率变异性（HRV）已被确立为衡量连续心脏搏动之间时间间隔变化的指标，作为自主神经系统的一个标志物。然而，尽管该领域付出了诸多努力，但仍没有普遍接受的参考值。因此，本系统评价的目的是概述迄今为止发表的关于HRV正常值的研究，并适当考虑任何影响因素。使用搜索词“((hrv) 或 (heart rate variability)) 以及 ((reference values) 或 (reference range) 或 (normal values))”在PubMed、Scopus、Ovid Medline和PsychInfo中进行了系统的数据库查询。在查询得出的6640项研究中，58项用于本系统评价。采用STARD-HRV程序评估研究质量。纳入的研究时间跨度为1989年至2022年。所检查的受试者数量在20至84772之间。受试者年龄在1天至99岁之间。共有51项研究对男性和女性受试者均进行了检查。总共19项研究采用长期测量，22项研究采用短期测量，17项研究采用中期测量时段。分析了许多不同的HRV参数，最常见的是传统的时域和频域参数。9项研究将受试者描述为“健康”，但未给出更详细的解释。目前尚无普遍接受的HRV正常值。一些大型研究提供了可用于参考目的的值。然而，需要进一步研究来收集HRV正常值。无法通过荟萃分析合并研究结果；这也不切实际，因为除其他原因外还包括，对混杂因素的考量以及记录和测量方式有时差异很大，阻碍了研究的可比性。一般来说，HRV似乎受到各种机制和外部因素的影响，而这些因素仍未被完全理解。对这些因素的探索最终将使HRV正常值能够以一种被普遍接受的方式获得。
