Hayes William J, Weisensee Laurie A, Kappes John A, Dalton Shawn M, Lemon Michael D
College of Pharmacy, VA Black Hills Health Care System, South Dakota State University, Fort Meade, South Dakota.
VA Black Hills Health Care System, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Fort Meade, South Dakota.
Pharmacotherapy. 2015 May;35(5):e51-5. doi: 10.1002/phar.1570. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by episodes of nausea and vomiting lasting 1 to 5 days, followed by asymptomatic periods. The etiology and pathophysiology of CVS are unknown, but CVS shares similar characteristics to those of migraine headaches. Tricyclic antidepressants have the most evidence and are generally effective for prophylaxis of further episodes in patients with CVS. Second-line pharmacotherapies typically target specific comorbid symptoms or conditions and may include antiepileptic or antimigraine drugs, benzodiazepines, antispasmodics, proton pump inhibitors, antiemetics, and analgesics. OnabotulinumtoxinA (ONABoNT-A) injections have not been studied in the population with CVS but are regarded as a pharmacotherapeutic option for migraine headaches. We describe a 45-year-old woman with a 5-year history of CVS who had failed previous typical prophylactic migraine and CVS pharmacotherapies and was referred to the neurology clinic for management of both of these conditions. On review, the neurologist noted a correlation of the patient's headaches with her CVS symptoms. ONABoNT-A injections were started at 155 units intramuscularly every 12 weeks for her migraine headaches, which also dramatically improved her CVS. The main adverse effect reported by the patient was numbness and weakness in her left shoulder after the injections, which are symptoms consistent with ONABoNT-A injection use; however, these symptoms typically resolved a few days later. Regarded as a pharmacotherapeutic option for migraine headache prophylaxis, ONABoNT-A injections have demonstrated modest efficacy in preventing migraine headaches. Clinicians should be aware that ONABoNT-A injections may also have a role in the prophylaxis of CVS.
周期性呕吐综合征(CVS)是一种以恶心和呕吐发作为特征的疾病,发作持续1至5天,随后是无症状期。CVS的病因和病理生理学尚不清楚,但CVS与偏头痛具有相似的特征。三环类抗抑郁药的证据最为充分,通常对预防CVS患者的进一步发作有效。二线药物治疗通常针对特定的合并症状或病症,可能包括抗癫痫药或抗偏头痛药、苯二氮䓬类药物、解痉药、质子泵抑制剂、止吐药和镇痛药。A型肉毒毒素(ONABoNT - A)注射尚未在CVS人群中进行研究,但被视为偏头痛的一种药物治疗选择。我们描述了一名45岁有5年CVS病史的女性,她之前的典型偏头痛和CVS药物预防治疗均失败,被转诊至神经科诊所来管理这两种病症。经检查,神经科医生注意到患者的头痛与她的CVS症状相关。为治疗她的偏头痛,开始每12周肌肉注射155单位的ONABoNT - A,这也显著改善了她的CVS。患者报告的主要不良反应是注射后左肩麻木和无力,这些症状与使用ONABoNT - A注射一致;然而,这些症状通常在几天后就会缓解。作为偏头痛预防的一种药物治疗选择,ONABoNT - A注射已显示出在预防偏头痛方面有一定疗效。临床医生应意识到ONABoNT - A注射在CVS预防中可能也有作用。