Mueller J P, Rischkowsky B, Haile A, Philipsson J, Mwai O, Besbes B, Valle Zárate A, Tibbo M, Mirkena T, Duguma G, Sölkner J, Wurzinger M
National Institute for Agricultural Technology (INTA), Bariloche, Argentina.
J Anim Breed Genet. 2015 Apr;132(2):155-68. doi: 10.1111/jbg.12136.
Breeding programmes described as community-based (CBBP) typically relate to low-input systems with farmers having a common interest to improve and share their genetic resources. CBBPs are more frequent with keepers of small ruminants, in particular smallholders of local breeds, than with cattle, pigs or chickens with which farmers may have easier access to alternative programmes. Constraints that limit the adoption of conventional breeding technologies in low-input systems cover a range of organizational and technical aspects. The analysis of 8 CBBPs located in countries of Latin-America, Africa and Asia highlights the importance of bottom-up approaches and involvement of local institutions in the planning and implementation stages. The analysis also reveals a high dependence of these programmes on organizational, technical and financial support. Completely self-sustained CBBPs seem to be difficult to realize. There is a need to implement and document formal socio-economic evaluations of CBBPs to provide governments and other development agencies with the information necessary for creating sustainable CBBPs at larger scales.
被称为基于社区的育种计划（CBBP）通常与低投入系统相关，在这些系统中，农民有着共同的兴趣来改良和分享他们的遗传资源。与牛、猪或鸡相比，小型反刍动物饲养者，特别是本地品种的小农户，实施CBBP的情况更为常见，因为农民获取牛、猪或鸡的替代育种计划可能更容易。限制低投入系统采用传统育种技术的制约因素涵盖一系列组织和技术方面。对位于拉丁美洲、非洲和亚洲国家的8个CBBP进行的分析突出了自下而上方法以及当地机构参与规划和实施阶段的重要性。分析还揭示了这些计划对组织、技术和财政支持的高度依赖。完全自我维持的CBBP似乎难以实现。有必要对CBBP进行正式的社会经济评估并记录下来，以便为政府和其他发展机构提供在更大规模上创建可持续CBBP所需的信息。
