Möbius Martin, Tendolkar Indira, Lohner Valerie, Baltussen Mirte, Becker Eni S
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; University Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Essen, Germany.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2015 Dec;49(Pt A):37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
Cognitive biases are known to cause and maintain depression. However, little research has been done on techniques targeting interpretation tendencies found in depression, despite the promising findings of anxiety studies. This paper presents two experiments, investigating the suitability of an Interpretation Modification Paradigm for Depression (IMP-D) in healthy individuals, which has already proven its effectiveness in anxiety (Beard & Amir, 2008). Different from other paradigms, the IMP-D aims at modifying an interpretation bias on response- and on a more implicit reaction time-level, making this task less susceptible to demand effects.
The Word-Sentence Association Paradigm for Depression (Hindash & Amir, 2011) was modified and administered in healthy volunteers (experiment I: N = 81; experiment II: N = 105). To enhance a positive interpretation bias, endorsing benign and rejecting negative interpretations of ambiguous scenarios was reinforced through feedback. This intervention was compared to the opposite training (both experiments) and a control training (experiment II only).
Both experiments revealed a significant increase in bias towards benign interpretations on the level of overt decisions, while only in the first experiment a change was found on a reaction time level. These modifications are not reflected in group-differences in emotional vulnerability.
Possible limitations regarding the reliability of inter-dependent response and reaction time measures are discussed.
The IMP-D is able to modify interpretation biases, but adaptations are required to maximize its beneficial effects.
认知偏差已知会引发并维持抑郁症。然而，尽管焦虑症研究有一些有前景的发现，但针对抑郁症中解释倾向的技术研究却很少。本文介绍了两项实验，研究针对抑郁症的解释修正范式（IMP-D）在健康个体中的适用性，该范式已在焦虑症研究中证明了其有效性（Beard & Amir，2008）。与其他范式不同，IMP-D旨在在反应层面以及更隐性的反应时间层面修正解释偏差，使这项任务不易受到需求效应的影响。
对抑郁症的词-句联想范式（Hindash & Amir，2011）进行修改，并应用于健康志愿者（实验一：N = 81；实验二：N = 105）。为增强积极的解释偏差，通过反馈强化对模棱两可情境的良性解释并拒绝消极解释。将这种干预与相反的训练（两个实验均有）以及对照训练（仅实验二有）进行比较。
两项实验均显示在公开决策层面，对良性解释的偏差显著增加，而仅在第一个实验中，在反应时间层面发现了变化。这些改变并未体现在情绪易感性的组间差异中。
讨论了关于相互依赖的反应和反应时间测量可靠性的可能局限性。
IMP-D能够修正解释偏差，但需要进行调整以最大化其有益效果。
