Fedewa Stacey A, Sauer Ann Goding, Siegel Rebecca L, Jemal Ahmedin
Department of Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia. Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Department of Intramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015 Apr;24(4):637-52. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0134.
Much of the suffering and death from cancer could be prevented by more systematic efforts to reduce tobacco use, improve diet, increase physical activity, reduce obesity, and expand the use of established screening tests. Monitoring the prevalence of cancer risk factors and screening is important to measure progress and strengthen cancer prevention and early detection efforts. In this review article, we provide recent prevalence estimates for several cancer risk factors, including tobacco, obesity, physical activity, nutrition, ultraviolet radiation exposure as well as human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination coverage and cancer screening prevalence in the United States. In 2013, cigarette smoking prevalence was 17.8% among adults nationally, but ranged from 10.3% in Utah to 27.3% in West Virginia. In addition, 15.7% of U.S. high school students were current smokers. In 2011-2012, obesity prevalence was high among both adults (34.9%) and adolescents (20.5%), but has leveled off since 2002. About 20.2% of high school girls were users of indoor tanning devices, compared with 5.3% of boys. In 2013, cancer screening prevalence ranged from 58.6% for colorectal cancer to 80.8% for cervical cancer and remains low among the uninsured, particularly for colorectal cancer screening where only 21.9% of eligible adults received recommended colorectal cancer screening.
通过更系统地努力减少烟草使用、改善饮食、增加体育活动、降低肥胖率以及扩大现有筛查检测的使用范围，许多因癌症导致的痛苦和死亡是可以预防的。监测癌症风险因素的流行情况和筛查对于衡量进展以及加强癌症预防和早期检测工作至关重要。在这篇综述文章中，我们提供了美国几种癌症风险因素的最新流行率估计，包括烟草、肥胖、体育活动、营养、紫外线辐射暴露以及人乳头瘤病毒和乙肝疫苗接种覆盖率，还有癌症筛查的流行率。2013年，全国成年人中吸烟率为17.8%，但在犹他州为10.3%，在西弗吉尼亚州为27.3%。此外，美国15.7%的高中生是当前吸烟者。在2011 - 2012年，成年人（34.9%）和青少年（20.5%）中的肥胖率都很高，但自2002年以来趋于平稳。约20.2%的高中女生使用室内晒黑设备，而男生的这一比例为5.3%。2013年，癌症筛查的流行率从结直肠癌的58.6%到宫颈癌的80.8%不等，在未参保人群中仍然较低，尤其是在结直肠癌筛查方面，只有21.9%符合条件的成年人接受了推荐的结直肠癌筛查。
