Chang Jessica B, Small Kevin H, Choi Mihye, Karp Nolan S
New York, N.Y. From the Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Medical Center; and the Division of Plastic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 May;135(5):1295-1304. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001221.
Three-dimensional surface imaging has gained clinical acceptance in plastic and reconstructive surgery. In contrast to computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, three-dimensional surface imaging relies on triangulation in stereophotography to measure surface x, y, and z coordinates. This study reviews the past, present, and future directions of three-dimensional topographic imaging in plastic surgery. Historically, three-dimensional imaging technology was first used in a clinical setting in 1944 to diagnose orthodontologic conditions. Karlan established its use in the field of plastic surgery in 1979, analyzing contours and documenting facial asymmetries. Present use of three-dimensional surface imaging has focused on standardizing patient topographic measurements to enhance preoperative planning and to improve postoperative outcomes. Various measurements (e.g., volume, surface area, vector distance, curvature) have been applied to breast, body, and facial topography to augment patient analysis. Despite the rapid progression of the clinical applications of three-dimensional imaging, current use of this technology is focused on the surgeon's perspective and secondarily the patient's perspective. Advancements in patient simulation may improve patient-physician communication, education, and satisfaction. However, a communal database of three-dimensional surface images integrated with emerging three-dimensional printing and portable information technology will validate measurements and strengthen preoperative planning and postoperative outcomes. Three-dimensional surface imaging is a useful adjunct to plastic and reconstructive surgery practices and standardizes measurements to create objectivity in a subjective field. Key improvements in three-dimensional imaging technology may significantly enhance the quality of plastic and reconstructive surgery in the near future.
三维表面成像已在整形和重建外科手术中获得临床认可。与计算机断层扫描/磁共振成像不同，三维表面成像依靠立体摄影中的三角测量法来测量表面的x、y和z坐标。本研究回顾了整形手术中三维地形成像的过去、现在和未来发展方向。从历史上看，三维成像技术于1944年首次在临床环境中用于诊断正畸病症。1979年卡兰将其应用于整形手术领域，分析轮廓并记录面部不对称情况。目前三维表面成像的应用主要集中在规范患者地形测量，以加强术前规划并改善术后效果。各种测量方法（如体积、表面积、矢量距离、曲率）已应用于乳房、身体和面部地形，以加强对患者的分析。尽管三维成像的临床应用发展迅速，但目前这项技术的应用主要是从外科医生的角度出发，其次才是从患者的角度考虑。患者模拟方面的进展可能会改善医患沟通、教育及满意度。然而，一个整合了新兴三维打印和便携式信息技术的三维表面图像公共数据库将验证测量结果，并加强术前规划和术后效果。三维表面成像是整形和重建外科手术的一项有用辅助手段，它规范测量方法，在主观领域创造客观性。三维成像技术的关键改进可能在不久的将来显著提高整形和重建外科手术的质量。
