Ye Lei
Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden,
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2015;150:1-24. doi: 10.1007/10_2015_313.
This chapter introduces the basic principle and the synthetic aspects of molecular imprinting. First, the use of a molecular template to guide the location of functional groups inside molecularly imprinted cavities is explained. Three different mechanisms that ensure a molecular template associates with functional monomers or the imprinted polymers, that is, through reversible covalent, noncovalent, and sacrificial covalent bonds, are then described. The main focus is put on noncovalent molecular imprinting using free radical polymerization. The merits of using classical radical polymerization and more sophisticated, controlled radical polymerization are analyzed. After these synthetic chemistry aspects, the chapter continues to discuss the different polymerization processes that can be used to prepare well-defined polymer monoliths, microspheres, and nanoparticles. New top-down processing techniques that produce micro- and nanopatterns of imprinted polymers are also reviewed. The chapter finishes with a brief introduction to using imprinted polymers as building blocks to construct new functional materials and devices, which we consider as one important direction for further development.
本章介绍了分子印迹的基本原理和合成方面的内容。首先，解释了使用分子模板来引导功能基团在分子印迹腔内的定位。接着描述了确保分子模板与功能单体或印迹聚合物缔合的三种不同机制，即通过可逆共价键、非共价键和牺牲共价键。主要重点放在使用自由基聚合的非共价分子印迹上。分析了使用经典自由基聚合和更复杂的可控自由基聚合的优点。在这些合成化学方面之后，本章继续讨论可用于制备结构明确的聚合物整体、微球和纳米颗粒的不同聚合过程。还综述了产生印迹聚合物微图案和纳米图案的新型自上而下加工技术。本章最后简要介绍了使用印迹聚合物作为构建块来构建新型功能材料和器件，我们认为这是进一步发展的一个重要方向。
