Electronic Components and Circuits, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstrasse 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems IMS, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems IMS, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057 Duisburg, Germany.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2015 Aug 15;70:376-91. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.049. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
Microfluidic biosensing systems with enzyme-based detection have been extensively studied in the last years owing to features such as high specificity, a broad range of analytes and a high degree of automation. This review gives an overview of the most important factors associated with these systems. In the first part, frequently used immobilization protocols such as physisorption and covalent bonding and detection techniques such as amperometry and fluorescence measurements are discussed with respect to effort, lifetime and measurement range. The Michaelis-Menten model describing the kinetics of enzymatic reactions, the role of redox mediators and the limitations of the linear measurement range of enzymatic sensors are introduced. Several possibilities of extending the linear measurement range in microfluidic systems such as diffusion-limiting membranes and the flow injection setup are presented. Regarding the integration of enzymes into microfluidic systems during the fabrication process, the constraints imposed by the biomolecules due to the limited usage of high temperatures and solvents are addressed. In the second part, the most common forms of enzyme integration into microfluidic systems, i.e. in channels and on electrodes, on microparticles, on paper and thread and as injected enzyme solutions, are reviewed, focusing on fabrication, applications and performance.
近年来，基于酶的检测的微流控生物传感系统因其高特异性、广泛的分析物和高度自动化等特点而得到了广泛的研究。本综述概述了与这些系统相关的最重要因素。在第一部分中，讨论了经常使用的固定化方法，如物理吸附和共价键合，以及检测技术，如电流测量和荧光测量，涉及到的因素有工作量、寿命和测量范围。介绍了描述酶反应动力学的米氏方程、氧化还原介质的作用以及酶传感器线性测量范围的限制。提出了几种在微流控系统中扩展线性测量范围的可能性，例如扩散限制膜和流动注射装置。关于在制造过程中将酶整合到微流控系统中，讨论了由于高温和溶剂使用受限对生物分子施加的限制。在第二部分中，综述了将酶最常见的整合到微流控系统的形式，即通道和电极上、微颗粒上、纸张和线以及注入的酶溶液，重点介绍了制造、应用和性能。
