Nadar Shamraja S, Patil Pravin D, Tiwari Manishkumar S, Ahirrao Dinesh J
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, India.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2021 Nov;41(7):1046-1080. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1898327. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Low-cost paper-based analytical devices are the latest generation of portable lab-on-chip designs that offers an innovative platform for the on/off-site analysis (biosensing) of target analytes, especially in rural and remote areas. Recently, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have attained significant recognition owing to their exciting fundamental features such as: ease of fabrication, rapid operation, and precise interpretations. The incorporation of enzymes with paper-based analytical devices significantly improves analytical performance while exhibiting excellent chemical and storage stability. In addition to that, these devices are highly compact, portable, easy-to-use, and do not require any additional sophisticated equipment for the detection and quantification of target analytes. This review provides a holistic insight into design, fabrication, and enzyme immobilization strategies for the development of enzyme-μPADs, which enables them to be widely implemented for in-field analysis. It also highlights the recent application of enzyme-μPADs in the area of: biomedical, food safety, and environmental monitoring while exploring the mechanisms of detection involved. Further, in order to improve the accuracy of analysis, researchers have designed a smartphone-based scanning tool for multi-variant point-of-care devices, which is summarized in the latter part of the review. Finally, the future perspectives and outlook of major challenges associated with enzyme-μPADs are discussed with their possible solutions. The development of enzyme integrated μPADs will open a new avenue as an exceptional analytical tool to explore various applications.HIGHLIGHTSEnzyme embedded paper-based analytical devices are a revolution in the field of biosensing.The design, fabrication, and enzyme immobilization on μPADs have been comprehensively discussed.The application of enzyme-μPADs food safety, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostic have been reviewed.Smartphones can be used as an on-site, user-friendly, and compact next-gen scanning tool for biosensing.
低成本纸质分析设备是新一代便携式芯片实验室设计，为目标分析物的现场/非现场分析（生物传感）提供了一个创新平台，特别是在农村和偏远地区。最近，微流控纸质分析设备（μPADs）因其令人兴奋的基本特性，如易于制造、操作快速和解释准确，而获得了广泛认可。将酶与纸质分析设备相结合，可显著提高分析性能，同时展现出优异的化学稳定性和储存稳定性。除此之外，这些设备高度紧凑、便于携带、易于使用，并且在检测和定量目标分析物时不需要任何额外的复杂设备。本综述全面深入地探讨了用于开发酶促μPADs的设计、制造和酶固定化策略，使其能够广泛应用于现场分析。它还重点介绍了酶促μPADs在生物医学、食品安全和环境监测领域的最新应用，同时探讨了相关的检测机制。此外，为了提高分析的准确性，研究人员设计了一种基于智能手机的多变量即时检测设备扫描工具，这将在综述的后半部分进行总结。最后，讨论了酶促μPADs面临的主要挑战的未来前景及其可能的解决方案。酶集成μPADs的开发将开辟一条新途径，成为探索各种应用的卓越分析工具。
重点
酶嵌入的纸质分析设备是生物传感领域的一次革命。
全面讨论了μPADs的设计、制造和酶固定化。
综述了酶促μPADs在食品安全、环境监测和临床诊断中的应用。
智能手机可作为现场、用户友好且紧凑的下一代生物传感扫描工具。
