New record and enzyme activity of four species in Penicillium section Citrina from marine environments in Korea.

Several strains of Penicillium section Citrina were isolated during a survey of fungi from marine environments along the southern coast of Korea. Based on multigene phylogenetic analyses (β-tubulin and calmodulin) and morphological characteristics, the 11 strains were identified as P. citrinum, P. hetheringtonii, P. paxilli, P. sumatrense, P. terrigenum, and P. westlingii. To understand the ecological role of these species, we tested all strains for extracellular enzyme activity; six strains representing four species showed β-glucosidase activity. Four of the identified species - P. hetheringtonii, P. paxilli, P. terrigenum, and P. westlingii - are new records for Korea. For these new species records, we describe morphological characteristics of the strains and compare results to published data of type strains.