Min Yang Won, Rhee Poong-Lyul
Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Clin Ther. 2015 May 1;37(5):968-75. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.03.009. Epub 2015 Apr 4.
The human gut contains >100 trillion microbes. This microbiota plays a crucial role in the gut homeostasis. Importantly, the microbiota contributes to the development and regulation of the gut immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could also cause several intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Many experimental studies help us to understand the complex interplay between the host and microbiota.
This review presents our current understanding of the mucosal immune system and the role of gut microbiota for the development and functionality of the mucosal immunity, with a particular focus on gut-associated lymphoid tissues, mucosal barrier, TH17 cells, regulatory T cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, and IgA-producing B cells and plasma cells.
Comparative studies using germ-free and conventionally-raised animals reveal that the presence of microbiota is important for the development and regulation of innate and adaptive immune systems. The host-microbial symbiosis seems necessary for gut homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms by which microbiota contributes to development and functionality of the immune system remain to be elucidated.
Understanding the complex interplay between the host and microbiota and further investigation of the host-microbiota relationship could provide us the insight into the therapeutic and/or preventive strategy for the disorders related to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.
人体肠道内含有超过100万亿的微生物。这种微生物群在肠道内环境稳定中起着至关重要的作用。重要的是，微生物群有助于肠道免疫系统的发育和调节。肠道微生物群的失调也可能导致多种肠道和肠道外疾病。许多实验研究有助于我们理解宿主与微生物群之间复杂的相互作用。
本综述介绍了我们目前对黏膜免疫系统以及肠道微生物群在黏膜免疫的发育和功能方面所起作用的理解，特别关注肠道相关淋巴组织、黏膜屏障、辅助性T细胞17、调节性T细胞、固有淋巴细胞、树突状细胞以及产生免疫球蛋白A的B细胞和浆细胞。
使用无菌动物和常规饲养动物的比较研究表明，微生物群的存在对于固有免疫系统和适应性免疫系统的发育和调节很重要。宿主与微生物的共生关系似乎是肠道内环境稳定所必需的。然而，微生物群促进免疫系统发育和功能的精确机制仍有待阐明。
了解宿主与微生物群之间的复杂相互作用，并进一步研究宿主与微生物群的关系，可为我们深入了解与肠道微生物群失调相关疾病的治疗和/或预防策略提供思路。
