Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2015 Aug;35:13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.03.003. Epub 2015 Apr 6.
Plant cells are connected across cell walls by nanoscopic channels called plasmodesmata (PD), which allow plant cells to share resources and exchange signaling molecules. Several protein components of PD membranes have been identified, and recent advances in superresolution live-cell microscopy are illuminating PD ultrastructure. Restricting transport through PD is crucial for morphogenesis, since hormones and hundreds of transcription factors regularly move through PD, and this transport must stop to allow cells to begin differentiating. Chloroplasts and mitochondria regulate PD function through signal transduction networks that coordinate plant physiology and development. Recent discoveries on the relationships of land plants and their algal relatives suggest that PD have evolved independently in several lineages, emphasizing the importance of cytosolic bridges in multicellular biology.
植物细胞通过被称为胞间连丝（PD）的纳米级通道连接在细胞壁上，这使得植物细胞能够共享资源并交换信号分子。已经鉴定出 PD 膜的几个蛋白质组成部分，并且超分辨率活细胞显微镜的最新进展正在揭示 PD 的超微结构。限制 PD 中的运输对于形态发生至关重要，因为激素和数百种转录因子经常通过 PD 移动，并且必须停止这种运输才能允许细胞开始分化。叶绿体和线粒体通过信号转导网络调节 PD 的功能，这些网络协调植物的生理和发育。关于陆地植物及其藻类近亲的关系的最新发现表明，PD 在几个谱系中独立进化，这强调了细胞质桥在多细胞生物学中的重要性。
