Zhang Yu-Jie, Li Sha, Gan Ren-You, Zhou Tong, Xu Dong-Ping, Li Hua-Bin
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Apr 2;16(4):7493-519. doi: 10.3390/ijms16047493.
Gut bacteria are an important component of the microbiota ecosystem in the human gut, which is colonized by 1014 microbes, ten times more than the human cells. Gut bacteria play an important role in human health, such as supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vitamin K, aiding in the digestion of cellulose, and promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function. However, they can also be potentially harmful due to the change of their composition when the gut ecosystem undergoes abnormal changes in the light of the use of antibiotics, illness, stress, aging, bad dietary habits, and lifestyle. Dysbiosis of the gut bacteria communities can cause many chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism. This review summarizes and discusses the roles and potential mechanisms of gut bacteria in human health and diseases.
肠道细菌是人类肠道微生物群生态系统的重要组成部分，人类肠道中有10¹⁴个微生物定植，是人体细胞数量的十倍。肠道细菌在人体健康中发挥着重要作用，如提供必需营养、合成维生素K、帮助消化纤维素、促进血管生成和肠道神经功能。然而，鉴于使用抗生素、疾病、压力、衰老、不良饮食习惯和生活方式等因素导致肠道生态系统发生异常变化时，肠道细菌的组成会发生改变，它们也可能具有潜在危害。肠道细菌群落的失调会导致许多慢性疾病，如炎症性肠病、肥胖症、癌症和自闭症。本文综述并讨论了肠道细菌在人类健康和疾病中的作用及潜在机制。
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