Roque Fabricia, Lopes Mário Henrique Scapin, Raffi Paulo, Oliveira Ricardo, Caparroz Márcio, Longhini Giovana, Granghelli Carlos, Faria Douglas, Araujo Lúcio, Araujo Cristiane
Department of Animal Sciences, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil.
Bender & Raffi Veterinary Services LTDA, São Paulo 15085-020, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jun 25;13(7):1472. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13071472.
The gastrointestinal tract has the largest surface area of the body and if it is subjected to continuous stress, it will activate the immune system. The intestinal barrier, the immune system, and the microbiota together form a line of defense against infection in order to maintain a healthy balance between the host and the microbiota. Nutritional strategies such as feed additives can be applied to maintain homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. When this equilibrium is disrupted, metabolic dysfunctions can occur. Postbiotics-the metabolic and/or structural compounds of microorganisms-can stimulate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and enzymatic effects, providing a safe alternative to establishing intestinal eubiosis. In addition, postbiotics can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets by maintaining productive performance under challenging conditions. This review provides an overview of the postbiotic concept, mechanism of action and production, the evidence for the action in the gastrointestinal tract, and applications in poultry production.
胃肠道是人体表面积最大的部位，如果持续受到压力，会激活免疫系统。肠道屏障、免疫系统和微生物群共同构成了一道抗感染防线，以维持宿主与微生物群之间的健康平衡。诸如饲料添加剂等营养策略可用于维持胃肠道的内环境稳定。当这种平衡被打破时，可能会出现代谢功能障碍。后生元——微生物的代谢和/或结构化合物——可刺激抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节和酶促作用，为建立肠道微生态平衡提供了一种安全的替代方法。此外，后生元可通过在具有挑战性的条件下维持生产性能，用作肉鸡日粮中抗生素的替代品。本综述概述了后生元的概念、作用机制和生产、在胃肠道中的作用证据以及在家禽生产中的应用。
