Kaushal Navin, Rhodes Ryan E
Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3015, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada,
J Behav Med. 2015 Aug;38(4):652-63. doi: 10.1007/s10865-015-9640-7. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
Reasoned action approaches have primarily been applied to understand exercise behaviour for the past three decades, yet emerging findings in unconscious and Dual Process research show that behavior may also be predicted by automatic processes such as habit. The purpose of this study was to: (1) investigate the behavioral requirements for exercise habit formation, (2) how Dual Process approach predicts behaviour, and (3) what predicts habit by testing a model (Lally and Gardner in Health Psychol Rev 7:S137-S158, 2013). Participants (n = 111) were new gym members who completed surveys across 12 weeks. It was found that exercising for at least four bouts per week for 6 weeks was the minimum requirement to establish an exercise habit. Dual Process analysis using Linear Mixed Models (LMM) revealed habit and intention to be parallel predictors of exercise behavior in the trajectory analysis. Finally, the habit antecedent model in LLM showed that consistency (β = .21), low behavioral complexity (β = .19), environment (β = .17) and affective judgments (β = .13) all significantly (p < .05) predicted changes in habit formation over time. Trainers should keep exercises fun and simple for new clients and focus on consistency which could lead to habit formation in nearly 6 weeks.
在过去三十年里，理性行动方法主要被用于理解运动行为，但无意识和双过程研究中的新发现表明，行为也可能由习惯等自动过程预测。本研究的目的是：（1）调查运动习惯形成的行为要求，（2）双过程方法如何预测行为，以及（3）通过测试一个模型（拉利和加德纳，《健康心理学评论》7：S137 - S158，2013）来探究预测习惯的因素。参与者（n = 111）是新加入健身房的会员，他们在12周内完成了多项调查。研究发现，每周至少锻炼四次，持续6周是养成运动习惯的最低要求。在轨迹分析中，使用线性混合模型（LMM）进行的双过程分析表明，习惯和意图是运动行为的平行预测因素。最后，LLM中的习惯前因模型显示，一致性（β = .21）、低行为复杂性（β = .19）、环境（β = .17）和情感判断（β = .13）均能显著（p < .05）预测习惯形成随时间的变化。健身教练应为新客户保持运动的趣味性和简单性，并注重一致性，这可能会在近6周内促成习惯的形成。
