Habekost Thomas
Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Denmark.
Front Psychol. 2015 Mar 18;6:290. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00290. eCollection 2015.
In combination with whole report and partial report tasks, the theory of visual attention (TVA) can be used to estimate individual differences in five basic attentional parameters: the visual processing speed, the storage capacity of visual short-term memory, the perceptual threshold, the efficiency of top-down selectivity, and the spatial bias of attentional weighting. TVA-based assessment has been used in about 30 studies to investigate attentional deficits in a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions: (a) neglect and simultanagnosia, (b) reading disturbances, (c) aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and most recently (d) neurodevelopmental disorders. The article introduces TVA based assessment, discusses its methodology and psychometric properties, and reviews the progress made in each of the four research fields. The empirical results demonstrate the general usefulness of TVA-based assessment for many types of clinical neuropsychological research. The method's most important qualities are cognitive specificity and theoretical grounding, but it is also characterized by good reliability and sensitivity to minor deficits. The review concludes by pointing to promising new areas for clinical TVA-based research.
结合整体报告和部分报告任务，视觉注意理论（TVA）可用于估计五个基本注意参数的个体差异：视觉处理速度、视觉短期记忆的存储容量、知觉阈值、自上而下选择性的效率以及注意加权的空间偏差。基于TVA的评估已在约30项研究中用于调查一系列神经和精神疾病中的注意缺陷：（a）忽视和同时失认症，（b）阅读障碍，（c）衰老和神经退行性疾病，以及最近的（d）神经发育障碍。本文介绍了基于TVA的评估，讨论了其方法和心理测量特性，并回顾了四个研究领域各自取得的进展。实证结果证明了基于TVA的评估对许多类型的临床神经心理学研究具有普遍实用性。该方法最重要的特点是认知特异性和理论基础，但它也具有良好的可靠性和对微小缺陷的敏感性。综述最后指出了基于TVA的临床研究有前景的新领域。
