Mugure Gladys, Karama Mohamed, Kyobutungi Catherine, Karanja Simon
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology-College of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Mbagathi Way, Nairobi City, Kenya.
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Nov 10;19:261. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2014.19.261.5261. eCollection 2014.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world. Over 80% of CVD related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Diabetes and hypertension, whose prevalence in Kenya is on the rise, are major risk factors for CVD. Despite this, studies indicate that awareness on the management of risk factors for CVD among diabetic/hypertensive patients in African populations is generally low. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for CVD among diabetic and/or hypertensive patients attending diabetes and hypertension management clinics in Korogocho and Viwandani slums of Nairobi.
Data were collected using questionnaires administered to 206 diabetic/hypertensive patients attending the clinics between July 2010 and February 2011. A review of these patients' medical records was done to determine the history of CVD outcomes such as hypertensive heart diseases, stroke and peripheral arterial diseases.
Majority (66.5%) of the study participants were females mainly in the 51-65 age category. The study findings revealed that 73 (33.4%) respondents had CVD outcomes. In addition, 41.8% of the respondents were not aware of the causes of diabetes/hypertension. Age category 51-65 years had the highest (43.8%) number of respondents with CVD. Sex of the respondents and awareness of the link between hypertension and CVD were significantly associated with CVD outcomes (p<0.05) among the respondents.
Measures to improve awareness levels among patients at high risk of CVD outcomes are needed to complement other measures to reduce CVD risk among such patients.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要的死亡原因。超过80%的心血管疾病相关死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）。糖尿病和高血压在肯尼亚的患病率呈上升趋势，是心血管疾病的主要危险因素。尽管如此，研究表明，非洲人群中糖尿病/高血压患者对心血管疾病危险因素管理的知晓率普遍较低。本研究的目的是确定在内罗毕科罗戈乔和维万达尼贫民窟的糖尿病和高血压管理诊所就诊的糖尿病和/或高血压患者的心血管疾病危险因素。
通过对2010年7月至2011年2月期间在诊所就诊的206名糖尿病/高血压患者进行问卷调查收集数据。对这些患者的病历进行回顾，以确定心血管疾病结局的病史，如高血压性心脏病、中风和外周动脉疾病。
大多数（66.5%）研究参与者为女性，主要处于51 - 65岁年龄组。研究结果显示，73名（33.4%）受访者有心血管疾病结局。此外，41.8%的受访者不知道糖尿病/高血压的病因。51 - 65岁年龄组有心血管疾病结局的受访者人数最多（43.8%）。受访者的性别以及对高血压与心血管疾病之间联系的知晓情况与受访者中的心血管疾病结局显著相关（p<0.05）。
需要采取措施提高心血管疾病结局高危患者的知晓水平，以补充其他降低此类患者心血管疾病风险的措施。
