Vorimore Fabien, Thébault Anne, Poisson Sonia, Cléva Didier, Robineau Joseph, de Barbeyrac Bertille, Durand Benoit, Laroucau Karine
University of Paris-Est, ANSES, Animal Health Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Unit, F-94706 Maisons-Alfort, France.
University of Paris-Est, ANSES, DERNS, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Pathog Dis. 2015 Feb;73(1):1-9. doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftu016. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen associated primarily with avian chlamydiosis also referred as psittacosis. Human psittacosis can lead to severe cases of respiratory disease. The mule duck is one of the main bird hybrids associated with human cases of psittacosis in France. In order to better understand the epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis, monitoring studies were performed in both breeder flocks and mule duck flocks. Surveys conducted in one professional duck bredding organization revealed little shedding in breeder flocks, whereas heavy but asymptomatic C. psittaci shedding was observed in most of the mule duck flocks, mostly when birds were reared in open range conditions on farms. Human cases of psittacosis linked to duck breeder flocks and their progeny led to detection of heavy shedders in all the suspected flocks despite no birds showing clinical signs. Offspring of one of the infected female flocks was analyzed and also proved to be infected by C. psittaci. Field studies suggest that C. psittaci infections in duck farms involve horizontal and probably vertical transmission but that the environment also plays an important role in maintaining infection on farms. In the light of the widespread occurrence of C. psittaci on duck farms, it has become urgent to clearly identify sources of contamination in order to take appropriate field management measures to minimize worker exposure.
鹦鹉热衣原体是一种人畜共患病原体，主要与禽衣原体病（也称为鹦鹉热）有关。人类鹦鹉热可导致严重的呼吸道疾病。骡鸭是法国与人类鹦鹉热病例相关的主要鸟类杂交品种之一。为了更好地了解禽衣原体病的流行病学，在种鸡群和骡鸭群中都进行了监测研究。在一个专业鸭养殖组织进行的调查显示，种鸡群中衣原体脱落情况很少，而在大多数骡鸭群中观察到大量但无症状的鹦鹉热衣原体脱落，主要是当鸟类在农场的开放环境中饲养时。与种鸭群及其后代相关的人类鹦鹉热病例导致在所有疑似鸡群中检测到大量排菌者，尽管没有鸟类表现出临床症状。对其中一个受感染母鸭群的后代进行了分析，结果也证明感染了鹦鹉热衣原体。实地研究表明，鸭场中的鹦鹉热衣原体感染涉及水平传播，可能还有垂直传播，但环境在维持鸭场感染方面也起着重要作用。鉴于鹦鹉热衣原体在鸭场中广泛存在，迫切需要明确识别污染源，以便采取适当的现场管理措施，尽量减少工人接触。
