VanWormer Jeffrey J, Boucher Jackie L, Sidebottom Abbey C
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Occup Environ Med. 2015 Jun;72(6):460-2. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102620. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
Unhealthy lifestyles have been associated with lower workplace productivity and are the main targets of worksite wellness programmes. The degree to which workplace productivity increases over time in response to changes in lifestyle habits, however, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between 2-year changes in key lifestyle risk factors and workplace productivity loss.
A retrospective cohort of 1273 employed adults in 2009 and 2011 was studied from the Heart of New Ulm Project. The outcome was overall workplace productivity loss in 2011. Predictors included 2-year changes in smoking, alcohol use, fruit/vegetable consumption and physical activity, as well as an optimal lifestyle score based on a composite of these four factors.
The adjusted model indicated that participants who continued to smoke over 2 years had significantly greater overall workplace productivity loss compared to those who remained non-smokers during the same timeframe (9.8% vs 2.5% productivity loss, p=0.031). Lifestyle improvements, however, were not associated with a reduction in workplace productivity loss.
Employed adults in this cohort who quit smoking, moderated alcohol use, increased fruit/vegetable consumption, or increased physical activity over 2 years did not have less productivity loss compared to those whose lifestyle factors remained stable. In workforces where productivity is already high and/or lifestyle factors are generally healthy, further lifestyle improvements may have limited impact on employee productivity. Larger experimental studies in more diverse regions are needed to help guide employers' investments in lifestyle-oriented worksite wellness programmes.
不健康的生活方式与工作场所生产力降低有关，并且是工作场所健康促进计划的主要目标。然而，随着时间的推移，生活方式习惯的改变对工作场所生产力提高的程度仍不明确。本研究的目的是检验关键生活方式风险因素的两年变化与工作场所生产力损失之间的关联。
对新乌尔姆项目核心研究中2009年和2011年的1273名在职成年人进行回顾性队列研究。结局指标是2011年工作场所的总体生产力损失。预测因素包括吸烟、饮酒、水果/蔬菜消费和身体活动的两年变化，以及基于这四个因素综合得出的最佳生活方式得分。
调整后的模型表明，与在同一时间段内仍不吸烟的参与者相比，持续吸烟超过两年的参与者工作场所的总体生产力损失显著更大（生产力损失分别为9.8%和2.5%，p = 0.031）。然而，生活方式的改善与工作场所生产力损失的减少无关。
在该队列中，在两年内戒烟、适度饮酒、增加水果/蔬菜消费或增加身体活动的在职成年人，与生活方式因素保持稳定的成年人相比，生产力损失并没有减少。在生产力已经很高和/或生活方式因素总体健康的劳动力群体中，进一步改善生活方式可能对员工生产力的影响有限。需要在更多样化的地区进行更大规模的实验研究，以帮助指导雇主对以生活方式为导向的工作场所健康促进计划的投资。
