Mollazadeh Hamid, Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014 Dec;17(12):958-66.
Nigella sativa (Family Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. N. sativa is referred in the Middle East as a part of an overall holistic approach to health. Pharmacological properties of N. sativa including immune stimulant, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, spasmolytic and bronchodilator have been shown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are known as the major causes of many diseases such as liver injury and many substances and drugs can induce oxidative damage by generation of ROS in the body. Many pharmacological properties of N. sativa are known to be attributed to the presence of thymoquinone and its antioxidant effects. Thymoquinone protects liver from injury via different mechanisms including inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, elevation in total thiol content and glutathione level, radical scavengering, increasing the activity of quinone reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase, inhibition of NF-κB activity and inhibition of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Therefore, this review aimed to highlight the roles of ROS in liver diseases and the mechanisms of N. sativa in prevention of liver injury.
黑种草（毛茛科）是一种在全球广泛使用的药用植物。在中东地区，黑种草被视为整体健康疗法的一部分。已证实黑种草具有多种药理特性，包括免疫刺激、降血压、抗炎、抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、解痉和支气管扩张作用。活性氧（ROS）和氧化应激是许多疾病（如肝损伤）的主要病因，许多物质和药物可通过在体内产生ROS诱导氧化损伤。已知黑种草的许多药理特性归因于百里醌的存在及其抗氧化作用。百里醌通过不同机制保护肝脏免受损伤，包括抑制铁依赖性脂质过氧化、提高总硫醇含量和谷胱甘肽水平、清除自由基、增加醌还原酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶的活性、抑制NF-κB活性以及抑制环氧化酶和脂氧合酶。因此，本综述旨在强调ROS在肝脏疾病中的作用以及黑种草预防肝损伤的机制。
