Castilho Camila S, Hackbart Vivian C S, Pivello Vânia R, dos Santos Rozely F
Laboratório de Ecologia da Paisagem e Conservação, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321 - Trav. 14, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil,
Environ Manage. 2015 Jun;55(6):1377-89. doi: 10.1007/s00267-015-0463-7. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Strictly Protected Areas and riparian forests in Brazil are rarely large enough or connected enough to maintain viable populations of carnivores and animal movement over time, but these characteristics are fundamental for species conservation as they prevent the extinction of isolated animal populations. Therefore, the need to maintain connectivity for these species in human-dominated Atlantic landscapes is critical. In this study, we evaluated the landscape connectivity for large carnivores (cougar and jaguar) among the Strictly Protected Areas in the Atlantic Forest, evaluated the efficiency of the Mosaics of Protected Areas linked to land uses in promoting landscape connectivity, identified the critical habitat connections, and predicted the landscape connectivity status under the implementation of legislation for protecting riparian forests. The method was based on expert opinion translated into land use and land cover maps. The results show that the Protected Areas are still connected by a narrow band of landscape that is permeable to both species and that the Mosaics of Protected Areas increase the amount of protected area but fail to increase the connectivity between the forested mountain ranges (Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira). Riparian forests greatly increase connectivity, more than tripling the cougars' priority areas. We note that the selection of Brazilian protected areas still fails to create connectivity among the legally protected forest remnants. We recommend the immediate protection of the priority areas identified that would increase the structural landscape connectivity for these large carnivores, especially paths in the SE/NW direction between the two mountain ranges.
巴西的严格保护区和河岸森林面积很少足够大或连接足够紧密，无法长期维持食肉动物的可存活种群以及动物的迁徙，但这些特征对于物种保护至关重要，因为它们能防止孤立动物种群的灭绝。因此，在人类主导的大西洋景观中维持这些物种的连通性至关重要。在本研究中，我们评估了大西洋森林中严格保护区之间大型食肉动物（美洲狮和美洲豹）的景观连通性，评估了与土地利用相关的保护区镶嵌体在促进景观连通性方面的效率，确定了关键的栖息地连接，并预测了实施河岸森林保护立法后的景观连通性状况。该方法基于转化为土地利用和土地覆盖图的专家意见。结果表明，保护区仍通过一条对两种物种都具有渗透性的狭窄景观带相连，且保护区镶嵌体增加了保护区面积，但未能增加森林山脉（马尔山脉和曼蒂凯拉山脉）之间的连通性。河岸森林极大地增加了连通性，使美洲狮的优先区域增加了两倍多。我们注意到，巴西保护区的选择仍未能在合法保护的森林残余之间建立连通性。我们建议立即保护已确定的优先区域，这将增加这些大型食肉动物的景观结构连通性，特别是两条山脉之间东南/西北方向的路径。
