Sichieri Rosely, Bezerra Ilana Nogueira, Araújo Marina Campos, de Moura Souza Amanda, Yokoo Edna Massae, Pereira Rosangela Alves
Department of Epidemiology,Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro,Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 7° andar, Bloco E,Cep 20550-900,Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil.
Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Fortaleza, Avenida Washington Soares,1321, Bloco S, Sala 01,Cep 60.811-905,Fortaleza,CE,Brazil.
Br J Nutr. 2015 May 28;113(10):1638-42. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515001075. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
Identification of major sources of energy in the diet helps to implement dietary recommendations to reduce obesity. To determine the food sources of energy consumed by Brazilians, we used the traditional method of ranking energy contribution of selected food groups and also compared days with and without consumption of specific food groups. Analysis was based on two non-consecutive days of dietary record from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey, conducted among 34,003 Brazilians (aged 10 years or more), taking into account the complex design of the survey. Comparison of days with and without consumption gave more consistent results, with sweets and cookies as the most important contributors to energy intake, increasing 992 kJ/d (95% CI 883, 1096) for those days when consumption of cakes, cookies and desserts was reported compared to days without their consumption. Savoury snacks, cheese and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) also increase energy intake by about 600 kJ. The only group associated with decreased energy intake was vegetable (-155 kJ; 95% CI -272, -37). Consumption of beans, milk and fruits increased the energy intake by about 210 kJ. In total, the mean energy intake of the group was 8000 kJ. Except for the consumption of vegetables, all of the other ten food groups analysed were associated with increased energy intake. Sweets and cookies may increase the energy intake by 12% and SSB by 7%, indicating that these two groups are major targets for improving healthy eating by reducing energy intake; whereas vegetable intake is associated with the reduction of energy content of the diet.
确定饮食中的主要能量来源有助于实施减少肥胖的饮食建议。为了确定巴西人所消耗能量的食物来源，我们采用了对选定食物组的能量贡献进行排名的传统方法，还比较了食用特定食物组和未食用特定食物组的日子。分析基于巴西全国饮食调查中连续两天的饮食记录，该调查在34003名巴西人（10岁及以上）中进行，并考虑了调查的复杂设计。食用和未食用特定食物组的日子的比较得出了更一致的结果，糖果和饼干是能量摄入的最重要贡献者，与未食用蛋糕、饼干和甜点的日子相比，报告食用这些食物的日子能量摄入量增加了992千焦/天（95%置信区间883，1096）。咸味小吃、奶酪和含糖饮料（SSB）也使能量摄入量增加了约600千焦。唯一与能量摄入减少相关的食物组是蔬菜（-155千焦；95%置信区间-272，-37）。食用豆类、牛奶和水果使能量摄入量增加了约210千焦。该组的平均能量摄入量总计为8000千焦。除了蔬菜的食用外，分析的其他十个食物组均与能量摄入增加有关。糖果和饼干可能使能量摄入量增加12%，含糖饮料增加7%，这表明这两组食物是通过减少能量摄入来改善健康饮食的主要目标；而蔬菜摄入与饮食能量含量的降低有关。
