Joung Kyong Hye, Jeong Jae-Wook, Ku Bon Jeong
Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea.
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 333 Bostwick Avenue NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:920618. doi: 10.1155/2015/920618. Epub 2015 Mar 19.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic disease increasing rapidly worldwide, is well established as an important risk factor for various types of cancer. Although many factors impact the development of T2DM and cancer including sex, age, ethnicity, obesity, diet, physical activity levels, and environmental exposure, many epidemiological and experimental studies are gradually contributing to knowledge regarding the interrelationship between DM and cancer. The insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation associated with diabetes mellitus are all associated strongly with cancer. The changes in bioavailable ovarian steroid hormone that occur in diabetes mellitus (the increasing levels of estrogen and androgen and the decreasing level of progesterone) are also considered potentially carcinogenic conditions for the breast, endometrium, and ovaries in women. In addition, the interaction among insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and ovarian steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, could act synergistically during cancer development. Here, we review the cancer-related mechanisms in T2DM, the epidemiological evidence linking T2DM and cancers in women, and the role of antidiabetic medication in these cancers.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种在全球范围内迅速增加的慢性疾病，已被确认为各类癌症的重要危险因素。尽管许多因素会影响T2DM和癌症的发生发展，包括性别、年龄、种族、肥胖、饮食、身体活动水平和环境暴露等，但许多流行病学和实验研究正逐渐增进我们对糖尿病与癌症之间相互关系的认识。糖尿病相关的胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症和慢性炎症均与癌症密切相关。糖尿病患者体内生物可利用的卵巢甾体激素变化（雌激素和雄激素水平升高，孕激素水平降低）也被认为是女性乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌和卵巢癌的潜在致癌因素。此外，胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子（IGFs）以及雌激素和孕激素等卵巢甾体激素之间的相互作用在癌症发生过程中可能具有协同作用。在此，我们综述了T2DM中与癌症相关的机制、将T2DM与女性癌症联系起来的流行病学证据，以及抗糖尿病药物在这些癌症中的作用。
