Beauchaine Theodore P
The Ohio State University.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2015 Jun 1;3:43-47. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.017.
In the past two decades, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)-an index of parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)-mediated cardiac control-has emerged as a reliable peripheral biomarker of emotion regulation (ER). Reduced RSA and excessive RSA reactivity (i.e., withdrawal) to emotional challenge are observed consistently among individuals with poor ER capabilities, including those with various forms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and those with specific psychopathological syndromes, including anxiety, phobias, attention problems, autism, callousness, conduct disorder, depression, non-suicidal self-injury, panic disorder, and trait hostility. Emerging evidence suggests that low RSA and excessive RSA reactivity index poor ER because they are downstream peripheral markers of prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Poorly modulated inhibitory efferent pathways from the medial PFC to the PNS result in reduced RSA and excessive RSA reactivity. According to this perspective, RSA is a non-invasive proxy for poor executive control over behavior, which characterizes most forms of psychopathology.
在过去二十年中，呼吸性窦性心律不齐（RSA）——一种由副交感神经系统（PNS）介导的心脏控制指标——已成为情绪调节（ER）的可靠外周生物标志物。在情绪调节能力较差的个体中，包括患有各种内化和外化精神病理学症状的个体，以及患有特定精神病理综合征（如焦虑、恐惧症、注意力问题、自闭症、冷漠、品行障碍、抑郁症、非自杀性自伤、恐慌症和特质敌意）的个体，始终观察到RSA降低以及对情绪挑战的过度RSA反应性（即退缩）。新出现的证据表明，低RSA和过度RSA反应性表明情绪调节能力差，因为它们是前额叶皮质（PFC）功能障碍的下游外周标志物。从内侧前额叶皮质到副交感神经系统的抑制性传出通路调节不佳会导致RSA降低和过度RSA反应性。根据这一观点，RSA是对行为执行控制不佳的一种非侵入性替代指标，这是大多数精神病理学形式的特征。
