Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System.
Behavioral Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System.
Psychol Trauma. 2016 Mar;8(2):135-40. doi: 10.1037/tra0000033. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
Despite increased attention to the evolving nature of war, the unique challenges of contemporary deployment, and women's changing role in warfare, few studies have examined differences in deployment stressors across eras of service or evaluated how gender differences in deployment experiences have changed over time. Using data collected from two national survey studies, we examined war cohort and gender differences in veterans' reports of both mission-related and interpersonal stressors during deployment. Although Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans reported more combat experiences and greater preparedness for deployment compared to Gulf War veterans, Gulf War veterans reported higher levels of other mission-related stressors, including difficult living and working environment, perceived threat, and potential exposure to nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Gender differences also emerged, with men reporting greater exposure to mission-related stressors and women reporting higher levels of interpersonal stressors. However, the size and nature of gender differences did not differ significantly when comparing veterans of the two eras. By understanding how risk factors for PTSD differ based on war era and gender, veterans' experiences can be better contextualized.
尽管人们越来越关注战争性质的演变、当代部署面临的独特挑战以及女性在战争中的角色变化，但很少有研究探讨不同时代部署压力源的差异，也很少有研究评估女性在部署经历方面的性别差异随时间的变化。本研究使用来自两项全国性调查研究的数据，考察了战争时期和性别差异对退伍军人在部署期间与任务相关和人际压力源报告的影响。尽管持久自由行动和伊拉克自由行动的退伍军人报告了比海湾战争退伍军人更多的战斗经历和对部署的更高准备度，但海湾战争退伍军人报告了更高水平的其他与任务相关的压力源，包括困难的生活和工作环境、感知威胁以及潜在的核、生物和化学武器暴露。性别差异也显现出来，男性报告了更多与任务相关的压力源，而女性报告了更高水平的人际压力源。然而，在比较两个时代的退伍军人时，性别差异的大小和性质并没有显著差异。通过了解 PTSD 的风险因素如何根据战争时期和性别而有所不同，可以更好地理解退伍军人的经历。
