Pegors Teresa K, Mattar Marcelo G, Bryan Peter B, Epstein Russell A
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2015 Jun;144(3):664-73. doi: 10.1037/xge0000069. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
Face attractiveness is a social characteristic that we often use to make first-pass judgments about the people around us. However, these judgments are highly influenced by our surrounding social world, and researchers still understand little about the mechanisms underlying these influences. In a series of 3 experiments, we use a novel sequential rating paradigm that enables us to measure biases in attractiveness judgments from the previous face and the previous rating. Our results reveal 2 simultaneous and opposing influences on face attractiveness judgments that arise from past experience of faces: a response bias in which attractiveness ratings shift toward a previously given rating and a stimulus bias in which attractiveness ratings shift away from the mean attractiveness of the previous face. Further, we provide evidence that the contrastive stimulus bias (but not the assimilative response bias) is strengthened by increasing the duration of the previous stimulus, suggesting an underlying perceptual mechanism. These results demonstrate that judgments of face attractiveness are influenced by information from our evaluative and perceptual history and that these influences have measurable behavioral effects over the course of just a few seconds.
面部吸引力是一种社会特征，我们经常用它对周围的人做出初步判断。然而，这些判断会受到我们周围社会环境的强烈影响，而研究人员对这些影响背后的机制仍知之甚少。在一系列3个实验中，我们使用了一种新颖的顺序评分范式，使我们能够测量基于先前面孔和先前评分的吸引力判断偏差。我们的结果揭示了对面部吸引力判断同时存在的两种相反影响，这两种影响源于过去对面孔的体验：一种反应偏差，即吸引力评分朝着先前给出的评分偏移；另一种刺激偏差，即吸引力评分偏离先前面孔的平均吸引力。此外，我们提供的证据表明，通过增加先前刺激的持续时间，对比性刺激偏差（而非同化性反应偏差）会增强，这表明存在一种潜在的感知机制。这些结果表明，面部吸引力判断受到我们评价和感知历史信息的影响，并且这些影响在短短几秒钟内就会产生可测量的行为效应。
