Department of Neurosurgery, University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
Department of Neurosurgery, University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neuropathology, University RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 13;10(4):e0123398. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123398. eCollection 2015.
Recently aside from the "classic" endovascular monofilament perforation technique to induce experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) a modification using a tungsten wire advanced through a guide tube has been described. We aim to assess both techniques for their success rate (induction of SAH without confounding pathologies) as primary endpoint. Further, the early tissue lesion pattern as evidence for early brain injury will be analyzed as secondary endpoint. Sprague Dawley rats (n=39) were randomly assigned to receive either Sham surgery (n=4), SAH using the "classic" technique (n=18) or using a modified technique (n=17). Course of intracranial pressure (ICP) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was analyzed; subsequent pathologies were documented either 6 or 24 h after SAH. Hippocampal tissue samples were analyzed via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. SAH-induction, regardless of confounding pathologies, was independent from type of technique (p=0.679). There was no significant difference concerning case fatality rate (classic: 40%; modified: 20%; p=0.213). Successful induction of SAH without collateral ICH or SDH was possible in 40% with the classic and in 86.7% with the modified technique (p=0.008). Peak ICP levels differed significantly between the two groups (classic: 94 +/- 23 mmHg; modified: 68 +/- 19 mmHg; p=0.003). Evidence of early cellular stress response and activation of apoptotic pathways 6 h after SAH was demonstrated. The extent of stress response is not dependent on type of technique. Both tested techniques successfully produce SAH including activation of an early stress response and apoptotic pathways in the hippocampal tissue. However, the induction of SAH with less confounding pathologies was more frequently achieved with the modified tungsten wire technique.
最近，除了经典的血管内单丝穿孔技术来诱导实验性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）之外，还描述了一种使用钨丝通过导丝推进的改良方法。我们旨在评估这两种技术的成功率（在没有混杂性病变的情况下诱导 SAH）作为主要终点。此外，还将作为次要终点分析早期组织损伤模式，作为早期脑损伤的证据。随机将 Sprague Dawley 大鼠（n=39）分为假手术组（n=4）、经典技术组（n=18）或改良技术组（n=17）。分析颅内压（ICP）和局部脑血流量（rCBF）的变化；SAH 后 6 或 24 小时记录随后的病变。通过免疫组织化学和 Western blot 分析海马组织样本。SAH 诱导，无论是否存在混杂性病变，都与技术类型无关（p=0.679）。死亡率无显著差异（经典：40%；改良：20%；p=0.213）。经典技术组成功诱导 SAH 而无 collateral ICH 或 SDH 的比例为 40%，改良技术组为 86.7%（p=0.008）。两组之间的 ICP 峰值水平差异有统计学意义（经典：94 +/- 23 mmHg；改良：68 +/- 19 mmHg；p=0.003）。SAH 后 6 小时证实存在早期细胞应激反应和凋亡途径的激活。应激反应的程度与技术类型无关。两种测试技术均成功地产生了 SAH，包括海马组织中早期应激反应和凋亡途径的激活。然而，改良钨丝技术更频繁地诱发较少混杂性病变的 SAH。
