Kremer Benedikt, Coburn Mark, Weinandy Agnieszka, Nolte Kay, Clusmann Hans, Veldeman Michael, Höllig Anke
Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
Department of Anaesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
Med Gas Res. 2020 Jul-Sep;10(3):103-109. doi: 10.4103/2045-9912.296039.
Hereinafter, we evaluate argon's neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) examining various localizations (hippocampal and cortical regions) with respect to neuronal damage and microglial activation 6, 24 and 72 hours after SAH. One hour after SAH (endovascular perforation rat model) or sham surgery, a mixture of gas containing 50% argon (argon group) or 50% nitrogen (control group) was applied for 1 hour. At 6 hours after SAH, argon reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampal regions in the argon group compared to the control group (P < 0.034). Hippocampal microglial activation did not differ between the treatment groups over time. The basal cortical regions did not show a different lesion pattern, but microglial activation was significantly reduced in the argon group 72 hours after SAH (P = 0.034 vs. control group). Whereas callosal microglial activation was significantly reduced at 24 hours in the argon-treated group (P = 0.018). Argon treatment ameliorated only early hippocampal neuronal damage after SAH. Inhibition of microglial activation was seen in some areas later on. Thus, argon may influence the microglial inflammatory response and neuronal survival after SAH; however, due to low sample sizes the interpretation of our results is limited. The study protocol was approved by the Government Agency for Animal Use and Protection (Protocol number: TVA 10416G1; initially approved by the "Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW," Recklinghausen, Germany, on April 28, 2009).
在此，我们评估实验性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后氩气的神经保护和免疫调节特性，在SAH后6、24和72小时检查海马和皮质区域等不同部位的神经元损伤和小胶质细胞激活情况。SAH（血管内穿刺大鼠模型）或假手术后1小时，应用含50%氩气的气体混合物（氩气组）或50%氮气的气体混合物（对照组）1小时。SAH后6小时，与对照组相比，氩气组海马区域的神经元损伤减少（P < 0.034）。随着时间推移，各治疗组之间海马小胶质细胞激活情况无差异。基底皮质区域未显示出不同的损伤模式，但SAH后72小时，氩气组的小胶质细胞激活显著减少（与对照组相比，P = 0.034）。而胼胝体小胶质细胞激活在氩气治疗组24小时时显著减少（P = 0.018）。氩气治疗仅改善了SAH后早期海马神经元损伤。后期在某些区域可见小胶质细胞激活受到抑制。因此，氩气可能影响SAH后的小胶质细胞炎症反应和神经元存活；然而，由于样本量较小，我们对结果的解释受到限制。该研究方案已获得政府动物使用与保护机构批准（方案编号：TVA 10416G1；最初于2009年4月28日由德国雷克林豪森的“北莱茵-威斯特法伦州自然、环境和消费者保护局”批准）。
