Kuehne Anna, Fiebig Lena, Jansen Klaus, Koschollek Carmen, Santos-Hövener Claudia
Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland,
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2015 Jun;58(6):560-8. doi: 10.1007/s00103-015-2157-y.
Migration is an important factor impacting on infectious disease epidemiology. The timely identification of groups at risk and prevention needs resulting from migration is indispensable to adequately design and implement public health measures. It remains to be assessed to which extent surveillance data for notifiable diseases can directly generate meaningful migration-specific information.
The objectives of this study are to review indicators of migration background utilized in the German infectious disease surveillance, as well as to assess their limitations.
We describe the indicators of migration used for mandatorily notifiable diseases and pathogens and their legal basis in the Protection against Infection Act and conduct a descriptive analysis of surveillance data for tuberculosis (TB), HIV and syphilis from 2002-2013.
Migration status is collected only for five infectious diseases and operationalization varies. For TB (country of birth) and HIV (country of origin) a foreign origin was more frequent than for syphilis (country of origin); namely 46, 30 and 13% of cases with available information, respectively. In all three examples, there are indications of risk profiles that are specific for particular groups of migrants.
A standardization of indicators of migration in infectious disease surveillance is important to enhance data comparability between diseases and pathogens as well as across countries. Routine surveillance already partly allows migration sensitive analyses, yet further research is needed to guide interpretation of the complex relationship between migration and infectious diseases and plan public health measures adequately.
移民是影响传染病流行病学的一个重要因素。及时识别因移民而面临风险的群体以及预防需求，对于合理设计和实施公共卫生措施必不可少。法定传染病监测数据能在多大程度上直接生成有意义的特定移民信息，仍有待评估。
本研究的目的是回顾德国传染病监测中使用的移民背景指标，并评估其局限性。
我们描述了用于法定传染病和病原体的移民指标及其在《感染防护法》中的法律依据，并对2002 - 2013年结核病（TB）、艾滋病毒和梅毒的监测数据进行了描述性分析。
仅针对五种传染病收集移民状态，且实施方式各不相同。对于结核病（出生国家）和艾滋病毒（原籍国），外国来源比梅毒（原籍国）更为常见；分别为有可用信息病例的46%、30%和13%。在所有三个例子中，都有特定移民群体的风险概况迹象。
传染病监测中移民指标的标准化对于提高不同疾病和病原体之间以及不同国家之间的数据可比性很重要。常规监测已经部分允许进行对移民敏感的分析，但仍需要进一步研究来指导对移民与传染病之间复杂关系的解读，并充分规划公共卫生措施。
