Kühne Anna, Gilsdorf Andreas
Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2016 May;59(5):570-7. doi: 10.1007/s00103-016-2332-9.
Migration and imported infections are changing the distribution of infectious diseases in Europe. However little is known about the extent of transmission of imported diseases within Europe. Asylum seekers are of increasing importance for infectious disease epidemiology and can be particularly vulnerable for infections and disease progression due to stressful conditions of migration and incomplete vaccination status.
The aim is to analyse transmission of infectious diseases in centralized homes for asylum seekers in national infectious disease surveillance data to identify relevant infectious diseases and possible public health measures to reduce transmission.
German national notification data was systematically analysed from 2004 to 2014 for outbreaks reported to have occurred within centralized homes for asylum seekers followed by descriptive analysis of outbreak- and case-characteristics.
From 2004 to 2014 the number of outbreaks in centralized homes for asylum seekers per year increased, a total of 119 outbreaks with 615 cases were reported. Cases in these outbreaks were caused by chicken pox (30 %), measles (20 %), scabies (19 %), rota-virus-gastroenteritis (8 %) and others (each <5 %). Of 119 outbreaks, two outbreaks of measles in centralized homes were connected to outbreaks outside the centralized homes. For 210 of 311 cases in 2014 the place of infection was reported, 87 % of those with known place of infection were infected in Germany.
Infectious disease outbreaks in centralized homes for asylum seekers are reported increasingly often in Germany. Chicken pox, measles and scabies were the most frequent outbreak causing diseases. Spread of such outbreaks outside centralized homes for asylum seekers was rare and infectious diseases are mainly acquired in Germany. The majority of outbreaks in centralized homes for asylum seekers would be preventable with vaccinations at arrival and appropriate hygiene measures.
移民和输入性感染正在改变欧洲传染病的分布情况。然而，对于输入性疾病在欧洲境内的传播程度，人们了解甚少。寻求庇护者在传染病流行病学中日益重要，由于移民的压力环境和疫苗接种不完整状况，他们尤其容易感染疾病并出现病情进展。
旨在分析国家传染病监测数据中寻求庇护者集中安置点的传染病传播情况，以确定相关传染病以及减少传播的可能公共卫生措施。
系统分析了2004年至2014年德国国家通报数据中报告发生在寻求庇护者集中安置点内的疫情，随后对疫情及病例特征进行描述性分析。
2004年至2014年，寻求庇护者集中安置点每年的疫情数量有所增加，共报告了119起疫情，涉及615例病例。这些疫情中的病例由水痘（30%）、麻疹（20%）、疥疮（19%）、轮状病毒胃肠炎（8%）和其他疾病（每种均<5%）引起。在119起疫情中，集中安置点内的两起麻疹疫情与安置点外的疫情有关联。2014年311例病例中有210例报告了感染地点，其中87%已知感染地点的病例是在德国感染的。
在德国，寻求庇护者集中安置点的传染病疫情报告越来越频繁。水痘、麻疹和疥疮是最常见的引发疫情的疾病。此类疫情在寻求庇护者集中安置点之外传播的情况很少见，传染病主要是在德国感染的。通过抵达时接种疫苗和采取适当的卫生措施，大多数寻求庇护者集中安置点的疫情是可以预防的。
