Hancke D, Suárez O V
Laboratorio de Ecología de Roedores Urbanos, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires,Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4° Piso Laboratorio 104 (C1428EHA),Buenos Aires,Argentina.
J Helminthol. 2016 Mar;90(2):199-205. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X15000164. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
Ecological studies on zoonotic parasites are crucial for the design and implementation of effective measures to prevent parasite transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors such as season, landscape unit, rat sex and rat body length, affecting the abundance of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, a parasite of synanthropic rats, within an urban environment. A parasitological survey was undertaken on 169 rats from landscape units such as shantytowns, parklands, industrial-residential areas and scrap-metal yards in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The overall prevalence of H. diminuta was 21.3%, although the occurrence of this species in rats was not homogeneous. The abundance of H. diminuta, using a zero-inflated negative binomial model, was correlated with rat body length. In shantytowns, abundance levels were higher than other landscape units, largely due to differences in individual environmental characteristics and rat assemblages. The populations of arthropod intermediate hosts could be subjected to seasonal fluctuations and the degree of urbanization. Shantytowns are overcrowded urban marginal settlements with most inhabitants living in precarious conditions and supporting large populations of rats, thereby increasing the risk of zoonotic infection.
关于人畜共患寄生虫的生态学研究对于设计和实施预防寄生虫传播的有效措施至关重要。本研究的目的是评估季节、景观单元、大鼠性别和大鼠体长等因素对城市环境中群居大鼠的寄生虫——微小膜壳绦虫丰度的影响。对来自阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯的棚户区、公园、工业住宅区和废旧金属场等景观单元的169只大鼠进行了寄生虫学调查。微小膜壳绦虫的总体感染率为21.3%，尽管该物种在大鼠中的出现并不均匀。使用零膨胀负二项式模型，微小膜壳绦虫的丰度与大鼠体长相关。在棚户区，丰度水平高于其他景观单元，这主要是由于个体环境特征和大鼠群落的差异。节肢动物中间宿主的数量可能会受到季节波动和城市化程度的影响。棚户区是拥挤不堪的城市边缘定居点，大多数居民生活条件不稳定，且有大量大鼠，从而增加了人畜共患感染的风险。
