Hancke Diego, Suárez Olga Virginia
Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Avenida Intendente Cantilo s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4º Piso Laboratorio 104, PB II, 4topiso, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, PB II, 4topiso, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ecohealth. 2017 Sep;14(3):603-613. doi: 10.1007/s10393-017-1239-8. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
Richness and diversity of parasites depend on a set of interrelated factors related to the characteristics of the host, the environment and the parasites itself. In the City of Buenos Aires, rodent communities vary according to landscape structure. The goal of this paper was to study the variations of helminth richness and diversity among invasive rodent species in different landscape units of the City of Buenos Aires. 73% of the rodents were parasitized with at least one of the 10 identified helminth species. Each rodent species presented its own characteristics in terms of richness, diversity and helminth composition, keeping these characteristics still occupying more than one landscape unit. The infracommunities with greater diversity corresponded to R. norvegicus due to its high values of parasitic richness, proportion of infected hosts and parasite prevalence. Instead, R. rattus and M. musculus infracommunities had lower diversity since a high percentage of them presented a unique helminth species. Within the city, the inhabitants of shantytowns would be the most exposed to zoonotic diseases transmitted by rodents due to high abundance of rodents harboring a high parasite load, including species like Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta, recognized worldwide from a zoonotic aspect.
寄生虫的丰富度和多样性取决于一系列与宿主、环境以及寄生虫自身特征相关的相互关联的因素。在布宜诺斯艾利斯市，啮齿动物群落因景观结构而异。本文的目的是研究布宜诺斯艾利斯市不同景观单元中入侵啮齿动物物种之间蠕虫丰富度和多样性的变化。73%的啮齿动物感染了已鉴定出的10种蠕虫中的至少一种。每种啮齿动物物种在丰富度、多样性和蠕虫组成方面都有其自身特点，且这些特点在不止一个景观单元中存在。多样性较高的群落对应于褐家鼠，因为其寄生虫丰富度、感染宿主比例和寄生虫患病率都很高。相反，黑家鼠和小家鼠的群落多样性较低，因为它们中有很大比例只感染了一种蠕虫。在城市中，棚户区居民接触由啮齿动物传播的人畜共患病的风险最高，因为那里啮齿动物数量众多且寄生虫负荷高，其中包括世界范围内从人畜共患病角度认定的微小膜壳绦虫和缩小膜壳绦虫等物种。
