Manganye Bumani S, Maluleke Thelmah X, Lebese Rachel T
a Department of Public Health , University of Venda , Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950 , South Africa.
Afr J AIDS Res. 2013 Mar;12(1):33-40. doi: 10.2989/16085906.2013.815411.
The aim of the study was to determine the views of professional nurses on the manifestations of HIV and AIDS stigma and discrimination and their influence on the quality of care rendered to people living with HIV and AIDS in three rural hospitals of Limpopo province, South Africa. The study was qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature. The population included all professional nurses registered with the South African Nursing Council who were working with confirmed HIV-positive patients in the three hospitals and had received specialised training in voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), antiretrovirals (ARV), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and couple counselling. A purposive sampling method was used to select both the wards and participants, based on set criteria. A total of 9 wards (6 adult medical and 3 maternity) and 37 participants were selected. Focus group discussions and semi-structured and key informant interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using a combination of data analysis guidelines from different sources. Results revealed that professional nurses were aware of the existence of HIV and AIDS stigma and discrimination in their wards and regarded these as bad and improper care of HIV-positive patients. Behaviour included leaving care of HIV patients to junior members of staff with limited skills and knowledge of HIV and AIDS; showing HIV-positive patients that their disease was dangerous and contagious; judgmental behaviour towards and stereotyping of HIV-positive patients; and regarding patients with HIV and AIDS as uncooperative and problematic in the wards.
该研究的目的是确定南非林波波省三家乡村医院的专业护士对艾滋病毒和艾滋病污名化及歧视的表现形式的看法，以及这些看法对为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供的护理质量的影响。该研究本质上是定性的、探索性的、描述性的且基于具体情境的。研究对象包括所有在南非护理委员会注册、在这三家医院为确诊的艾滋病毒阳性患者提供护理且接受过自愿咨询检测（VCT）、抗逆转录病毒治疗（ARV）、预防母婴传播（PMTCT）和配偶咨询等专业培训的专业护士。基于既定标准，采用目的抽样法选择病房和参与者。共选择了9个病房（6个成人内科病房和3个产科病房）以及37名参与者。进行了焦点小组讨论、半结构化访谈和关键信息人访谈。使用来自不同来源的数据分析指南组合对数据进行分析。结果显示，专业护士意识到其病房中存在艾滋病毒和艾滋病污名化及歧视现象，并将这些视为对艾滋病毒阳性患者的不良和不当护理。行为包括将艾滋病毒患者的护理工作交给对艾滋病毒和艾滋病技能和知识有限的初级工作人员；向艾滋病毒阳性患者表明其疾病危险且具有传染性；对艾滋病毒阳性患者的评判行为和刻板印象；以及将艾滋病毒和艾滋病患者视为病房中不合作且有问题的人。
