Roszkowska Renata, Taranta-Janusz Katarzyna, Wasilewska Anna
Klinika Pediatrii i Nefrologii, Uniwersytecki Dziecięcy Szpital Kliniczny w Białymstoku, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland, tel. (+48 85) 74-50-828, e-mail:
Dev Period Med. 2014 Oct-Dec;18(4):477-82.
In recent years, a blooming period of genomics brings a window of opportunity to assess predispositions to some diseases in individuals, even before the first symptoms appear. However, a risk of becoming ill is more complex, as the gene expression is modified by epigenetic and environmental factors. Fetal development and first months of life are periods of dynamic growth and significant sensitivity to external factors. According to the theory of early-life metabolic programming, adaptive changes in these stages have lasting health effects. Among many environmental factors, the youngest children's diet plays an important role. Breastfeeding of newborns and infants is an essential part of lifestyle diseases prevention. Constantly increasing number of reports link natural nutrition of the youngest children with less risk of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in future life. However, further long-term studies taking into account number of bias factors, explaining protective mechanisms of human milk, are needed.
近年来，基因组学的蓬勃发展为在个体出现首个症状之前评估某些疾病的易感性带来了契机。然而，患病风险更为复杂，因为基因表达会受到表观遗传和环境因素的影响。胎儿发育和生命的最初几个月是动态生长且对外部因素高度敏感的时期。根据早期生命代谢编程理论，这些阶段的适应性变化会对健康产生持久影响。在众多环境因素中，幼儿的饮食起着重要作用。新生儿和婴儿的母乳喂养是预防生活方式疾病的重要组成部分。越来越多的报告不断将幼儿的天然营养与未来生活中肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗风险降低联系起来。然而，需要进一步开展长期研究，考虑到众多偏差因素，以解释母乳的保护机制。
