Friedman L
Department of Psychiatry, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center.
Psychoanal Q. 1989 Oct;58(4):526-50.
Hartmann's monograph is an argument for the problem-solving value of all aspects of the mind and for the subordination of intelligence to the organism's larger, primarily social purposes. Hartmann proposed that, in psychoanalytic treatment, intelligent reflection serves one's largest purposes by taking respectful account of non-rational but adaptive ways of appraising reality, with a view toward making the best use of non-rational as well as rational propensities. He regarded it as the kind of thinking that the sociologist, Karl Mannheim, had recommended to government planners faced with immensely complicated, incompletely masterable forces. Hartmann's view of the role of the intellect in analytic treatment suggests that therapists should maintain both their demand for intelligent reflection and their hopefulness about other kinds of work that may be going on sub rosa.
哈特曼的专著论证了心智各方面在解决问题上的价值，以及智力从属于有机体更宏大的、主要是社会目的的观点。哈特曼提出，在精神分析治疗中，明智的反思通过尊重非理性但适应性的现实评估方式来服务于人的最大目的，以期充分利用非理性和理性倾向。他将其视为社会学家卡尔·曼海姆向面对极其复杂、难以完全掌控的力量的政府规划者所推荐的那种思维方式。哈特曼对智力在分析治疗中作用的观点表明，治疗师应既坚持对明智反思的要求，又对可能在潜意识层面进行的其他工作抱有希望。
