Shaw R R
Psychoanal Q. 1989 Oct;58(4):592-611.
Hartmann's essay sets forth ideas of incomparable value as well as incomprehensible density. While he developed many important concepts which have far-ranging clinical utility even today, his attempt to extend psychoanalysis into a general psychology back-fired because it separated psychoanalytic concepts from analytic data. Because of his lack of clinical material or anecdotal illustration, Hartmann's theoretical scaffolding has been frequently misunderstood and misapplied. This paper re-examines Hartmann's essay in light of current clinical and metapsychological issues, and illustrates some of his more important ideas.
哈特曼的论文阐述了具有无与伦比价值和难以理解的密集度的观点。虽然他提出了许多即使在今天仍具有广泛临床效用的重要概念，但他将精神分析扩展为一种一般心理学的尝试却适得其反，因为这使精神分析概念与分析数据相分离。由于他缺乏临床素材或轶事性例证，哈特曼的理论架构经常被误解和误用。本文根据当前的临床和元心理学问题重新审视哈特曼的论文，并阐述他的一些更重要的观点。
