Ingle Elizabeth K S, Gilmartin Philip M
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
J Exp Bot. 2015 Jun;66(11):3297-307. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv139. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
Records of double-flowered Silene dioica date from the late sixteenth century and four named varieties are grown today, as previously, for their horticultural interest. Although double-flowered mutants have been characterized in several plants, their study in dioecious species is of particular interest due to influences of the homeotic mutation on the different floral whorl configurations in males and females. We have analysed four double-flowered varieties of Silene dioica: Flore Pleno and Rosea Plena date back to the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, Thelma Kay and Firefly were recognized in the latter part of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. We have analysed the floral structure of the four varieties, which have distinct floral architectures. Based on Y chromosome-specific PCR analysis we show that Firefly is male and that the other three varieties are female: Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses suggested a common origin for the three female varieties. The double-flowered phenotype in all four varieties is caused by mutation of the C-function MADS-box transcription factor gene SDM1. We show that Firefly carries a unique 44bp insertion into SDM1, revealing an independent origin for this variety. Comparative analysis of SDM1 cDNA and genomic sequences in Flore Pleno, Rosea Plena and Thelma Kay shows that all three are caused by the same 7bp insertion within SDM1 and therefore share a common origin. The three alleles also differ by several single nucleotide polymorphisms, which represent somatic mutations accumulated over four centuries of asexual propagation.
重瓣二型叶剪秋罗的记录可追溯到16世纪后期，如今有四个命名品种仍像以前一样因其园艺价值而被种植。尽管在几种植物中已经对重瓣突变体进行了表征，但由于同源异型突变对雄性和雌性不同花轮构型的影响，在雌雄异株物种中对其进行研究具有特别的意义。我们分析了重瓣二型叶剪秋罗的四个重瓣品种：Flore Pleno和Rosea Plena可追溯到17世纪和19世纪，Thelma Kay和Firefly是在20世纪后期和21世纪初被认定的。我们分析了这四个品种的花结构，它们具有不同的花结构。基于Y染色体特异性PCR分析，我们表明Firefly是雄性，而其他三个品种是雌性：随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析表明这三个雌性品种有共同的起源。所有四个品种的重瓣表型都是由C功能MADS盒转录因子基因SDM1的突变引起的。我们表明Firefly在SDM1中携带一个独特的44bp插入，揭示了该品种的独立起源。对Flore Pleno、Rosea Plena和Thelma Kay中SDM1 cDNA和基因组序列的比较分析表明，这三个品种都是由SDM1内相同的7bp插入引起的，因此有共同的起源。这三个等位基因也因几个单核苷酸多态性而不同，这些多态性代表了在四个世纪的无性繁殖过程中积累的体细胞突变。
