Romero-Martínez A, Moya-Albiol L
Department de Psicobiologia, Universitat de València, Valencia.
Adicciones. 2015 Mar 1;27(1):64-74.
Cocaine abuse, as well as prenatal exposure to cocaine, could be key factors in the expression of violent behaviour. Neuropsychological impairments, sex differences and the concurrent abuse of cocaine and alcohol have been suggested as facilitation mechanisms.
To review and recapitulate the results obtained on the relationship between neuropsychological deficits due to cocaine abuse and/or prenatal exposure and the expression of violence. Furthermore, we analyze the roles of sex, concurrent alcohol abuse and possible brain damage as risk markers in this relationship.
The scientific literature was reviewed using Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline and ISI Web of Knowledge.
Cocaine facilitates the expression of violence due to neuropsychological deficits in emotional decoding, abstract reasoning and inhibitory control, as well as in mnemonic and verbal skills, and such impairments might also explain problems in decision-making. Both the deficits and the expression of violence appear to be more pronounced in men than in women. However, despite the fact that the combination of cocaine and alcohol use may increase the risk of violent reactions, the deficits would not be greater than those resulting from the separate use of each substance. The impairments might be caused by functional abnormalities of certain regions of the frontal (especially the prefrontal) and parietal lobes and some subcortical structures, such as the amygdala. All of this would provide a basis for the development of intervention strategies focusing on these cognitive domains.
可卡因滥用以及产前接触可卡因可能是暴力行为表现的关键因素。神经心理障碍、性别差异以及可卡因与酒精的同时滥用被认为是促成机制。
回顾并概述因可卡因滥用和/或产前接触可卡因导致的神经心理缺陷与暴力行为表现之间关系的研究结果。此外，我们分析性别、同时滥用酒精以及可能的脑损伤在这种关系中作为风险标志物的作用。
使用谷歌学术、心理学文摘数据库、医学期刊数据库、医学在线数据库和科学网数据库对科学文献进行了综述。
可卡因因在情绪解码、抽象推理、抑制控制以及记忆和语言技能方面的神经心理缺陷而促使暴力行为的表现，这些损伤也可能解释决策方面的问题。男性的这些缺陷和暴力行为表现似乎比女性更明显。然而，尽管同时使用可卡因和酒精可能会增加暴力反应的风险，但这些缺陷并不比单独使用每种物质所导致的缺陷更大。这些损伤可能是由额叶（尤其是前额叶）和顶叶的某些区域以及一些皮层下结构（如杏仁核）的功能异常引起的。所有这些都将为制定针对这些认知领域的干预策略提供依据。
