Pan Michael, Geller Lauren
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Fifth Floor, New York, NY 10029.
Clin Dermatol. 2015 May-Jun;33(3):387-92. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.12.016. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
The incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the past several decades, with notable increases in the pediatric and adolescent population. Indoor tanning has been proven carcinogenic and is associated with an increased risk of melanoma, especially when used at a young age. The incidence and frequency of usage of indoor tanning in the United States is high, particularly among adolescents, with roughly 20% reporting using a tanning bed at least once. The Food and Drug Administration recently made changes to its regulation of indoor tanning devices, reclassifying them as class II devices necessitating stricter premarket review, and strengthened its warnings for these devices; however, federal regulation of indoor tanning is still limited and most regulation of indoor tanning in minors is done on a state-by-state basis. Three types of legislation exist: (1) absolute ban on minor use of indoor tanning devices, (2) age restriction of minor usage of indoor tanning devices other than age 18 years, and (3) requirement of parental consent. These regulations are inconsistent, and enforcement efforts are often limited. In this contribution, we provide an update on the prevalence of indoor tanning, the risks associated with indoor tanning, and the current federal and state legislation and enforcement efforts in the United States with regard to indoor tanning. Although efforts are being made to ban all use of indoor tanning devices by minors, there is still more work to be done before this becomes a reality in the United States.
在过去几十年中，黑色素瘤的发病率一直在上升，在儿童和青少年人群中显著增加。室内晒黑已被证明具有致癌性，并且与黑色素瘤风险增加相关，尤其是在年轻时使用。在美国，室内晒黑的发病率和使用频率很高，特别是在青少年中，约20%的人报告至少使用过一次晒黑床。美国食品药品监督管理局最近对其对室内晒黑设备的监管进行了调整，将它们重新归类为需要更严格上市前审查的II类设备，并加强了对这些设备的警告；然而，联邦对室内晒黑的监管仍然有限，对未成年人室内晒黑的大多数监管是在州一级进行的。存在三种类型的立法：（1）绝对禁止未成年人使用室内晒黑设备，（2）除18岁以外对未成年人使用室内晒黑设备的年龄限制，以及（3）要求父母同意。这些规定不一致，执法力度往往有限。在本论文中，我们提供了关于室内晒黑流行情况、与室内晒黑相关的风险以及美国目前关于室内晒黑的联邦和州立法及执法努力的最新情况。尽管正在努力禁止未成年人使用所有室内晒黑设备，但在美国这成为现实之前仍有更多工作要做。
