Fetz Eberhard E
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Prog Brain Res. 2015;218:241-52. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.01.001. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
Closed-loop brain-computer interfaces have bidirectional connections that allow activity-dependent stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, or muscles. Such bidirectional brain-computer interfaces (BBCI) have three major applications that can be used to restore lost motor function. First, the brain could learn to incorporate a long-term artificial recurrent connection into normal behavior, exploiting the brain's ability to adapt to consistent sensorimotor conditions. The obvious clinical application for restoring motor function is to use an artificial recurrent connection to bridge a lost biological connection. Second, activity-dependent stimulation can generate synaptic plasticity on the cellular level. The corresponding clinical application is to strengthen weakened neural connections, such as occur in stroke. A third application involves delivery of activity-dependent deep brain stimulation at subcortical reward sites, which can operantly reinforce the activity that generates the stimulation. The BBCI paradigm has numerous specific applications, depending on the source of the signals and the stimulated targets.
闭环脑机接口具有双向连接，可实现基于活动的大脑、脊髓或肌肉刺激。这种双向脑机接口（BBCI）有三大主要应用，可用于恢复丧失的运动功能。首先，大脑可以学习将长期人工递归连接纳入正常行为，利用大脑适应一致感觉运动条件的能力。恢复运动功能的明显临床应用是使用人工递归连接来桥接丧失的生物连接。其次，基于活动的刺激可在细胞水平产生突触可塑性。相应的临床应用是增强减弱的神经连接，如中风时出现的情况。第三个应用涉及在皮层下奖励部位进行基于活动的深部脑刺激，这可以操作性地增强产生刺激的活动。BBCI范式有许多具体应用，这取决于信号源和受刺激目标。
