McGann Camille, Miaullis Aaron, Page Neil
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Military Medical Operations, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Military Medical Operations, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
J Am Coll Radiol. 2015 Jul;12(7):745-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2015.01.014. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
The social and political climates are changing rapidly in the United States and the world at large. The threat of a chemical, biologic, radiologic, and/or nuclear event is a rising concern to many. The current Ebola crisis has shed light on health care providers' preparedness for such an event. Radiologists, including radiation oncologists, nuclear medicine specialists, and all radiology subspecialists are considered "subject matter experts" in this area and are likely to be called upon in response to a radiation incident. Although others, such as radiation safety officers, provide important expertise, the clinical leadership will be the responsibility of physicians and other health care providers. However, many radiologists are unaware that they are considered subject matter experts who may be called on to assist, should their local hospital's emergency department need to take care of casualties from a radiation incident. A mass-casualty situation with hundreds of patients would require the immediate assistance of all available medical providers. Radiologists are primed and positioned to take the lead in ensuring preparedness of their local hospital and community, through emergency planning for a radiologic incident, given their combined medical and radiation physics knowledge. Therefore, increasing the skills of radiologists first is the more prudent approach in such planning. This preparation can be done through understanding of the critical components of such scenarios: the threat, types of radiation incidents, contamination, detection, decontamination, and acute radiation syndrome and its treatment. Once the necessary knowledge supplementation has been completed, radiologists can participate in educating their fellow medical colleagues and health care staff, and assist in the radiation-related aspects of an "all hazards" emergency department response, decreasing "radiophobia" in the process.
美国乃至整个世界的社会和政治气候都在迅速变化。化学、生物、放射和/或核事件的威胁日益引起许多人的关注。当前的埃博拉危机让人们了解到医疗保健人员对此类事件的准备情况。放射科医生，包括放射肿瘤学家、核医学专家以及所有放射科亚专科医生，在这一领域被视为“主题专家”，在应对辐射事件时很可能会被征召。虽然其他人，如辐射安全官员，也提供重要的专业知识，但临床领导工作将由医生和其他医疗保健人员负责。然而，许多放射科医生并未意识到，他们被视为主题专家，如果当地医院急诊科需要处理辐射事件的伤亡人员，他们可能会被要求提供协助。数百名患者的大规模伤亡情况将需要所有可用医疗人员的立即援助。鉴于放射科医生具备医学和放射物理学方面的综合知识，他们有能力且处于有利位置，通过制定放射事件应急预案，率先确保当地医院和社区做好准备。因此，在这种规划中，首先提高放射科医生的技能是更为审慎的做法。这种准备工作可以通过了解此类情况的关键要素来完成：威胁、辐射事件类型、污染、检测、去污以及急性放射综合征及其治疗。一旦完成必要的知识补充，放射科医生可以参与对其他医学同事和医护人员的培训，并在“全危害”急诊科应对措施的辐射相关方面提供协助，在此过程中减少“辐射恐惧症”。
