Leventhal Adam M, Unger Jennifer B, Audrain-McGovern Janet, Sussman Steve, Volk Heather E, Strong David R
a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine.
J Pers Assess. 2015 Sep-Oct;97(5):506-14. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2015.1029072. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
Anhedonia-the reduced capacity to experience pleasure-is a trait implicated in mental and physical health. Yet, psychometric data on anhedonia measures in adolescents are absent. We conducted an in-depth psychometric analysis of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS; Snaith et al., 1995 )-a self-report measure of anticipated pleasure response to 14 pleasant experiences-in adolescents. Adolescents (N = 585, M age = 14.5) completed the SHAPS and other paper-and-pencil surveys. Item response theory models were used to evaluate the psychometric performance of each SHAPS item. Correlations of the SHAPS with other personality and psychopathology measures were calculated to evaluate construct validity. Results showed that (a) certain items (e.g., reported pleasure from basic experiences like "seeing smiling faces" or "smelling flowers") provided more information about latent anhedonia than others; and (b) SHAPS scales exhibited construct-consistent convergent and discriminant validity (i.e., stronger correlations with low positive affect constructs, weaker correlations with negative affect). Reporting diminished pleasure from basic pleasant experiences accurately indicates adolescent anhedonia, which is important for future scale development and understanding the phenomenology of anhedonia in teens. These data support using the SHAPS for assessing anhedonia in epidemiological research and school-based universal prevention programming in general adolescent populations.
快感缺失——体验愉悦的能力下降——是一种与身心健康相关的特质。然而,目前缺乏关于青少年快感缺失测量的心理测量数据。我们对斯奈斯 - 汉密尔顿愉悦量表(SHAPS;斯奈斯等人,1995年)进行了深入的心理测量分析,这是一种针对青少年对14种愉悦体验的预期愉悦反应的自我报告测量工具。青少年(N = 585,平均年龄 = 14.5岁)完成了SHAPS和其他纸笔调查。项目反应理论模型用于评估每个SHAPS项目的心理测量性能。计算SHAPS与其他人格和精神病理学测量的相关性以评估结构效度。结果表明:(a)某些项目(例如,从“看到笑脸”或“闻到花香”等基本体验中报告的愉悦感)比其他项目提供了更多关于潜在快感缺失的信息;(b)SHAPS量表表现出与结构一致的聚合效度和区分效度(即,与低积极情绪结构的相关性更强,与消极情绪的相关性较弱)。报告从基本愉悦体验中获得的愉悦感减少准确地表明了青少年的快感缺失,这对于未来量表的开发以及理解青少年快感缺失的现象学很重要。这些数据支持在一般青少年人群的流行病学研究和基于学校的普遍预防项目中使用SHAPS来评估快感缺失。