Jacobs Anne K, Pfefferbaum Betty
Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015 Jun;17(6):40. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0578-9.
The debate over the use of psychological debriefing in the early aftermath of a traumatic event has raged for decades, yet little attention has been paid to its use with perhaps the most vulnerable of victims, children and adolescents. While recommendations against the use of group debriefing with adults seem to have been made based on research of individual debriefing, recommendations regarding its use with children have been made based on the adult literature. In this review, we outline the possible mechanisms of harm and benefit of debriefing with a discussion of developmental concerns. The available empirical and nonempirical literature on the use of debriefing with youth is summarized. While research does not currently evidence harm in the use of debriefing with children, there is no strong support for its use either. We present both clinical considerations and research implications as they relate to debriefing as well as what this debate has taught us about the challenges to disseminating and evaluating early crisis interventions in general.
关于在创伤事件发生后早期使用心理疏导的争论已经持续了数十年，但对于其在可能是最脆弱的受害者——儿童和青少年中的使用，却很少有人关注。虽然反对对成年人使用团体心理疏导的建议似乎是基于对个体心理疏导的研究得出的，但关于对儿童使用心理疏导的建议却是基于成人文献。在这篇综述中，我们概述了心理疏导可能产生伤害和益处的机制，并讨论了发育方面的问题。总结了关于对青少年使用心理疏导的现有实证和非实证文献。虽然目前的研究没有证明对儿童使用心理疏导会造成伤害，但也没有强有力的证据支持其使用。我们阐述了与心理疏导相关的临床考量和研究意义，以及这场争论让我们了解到的关于普遍推广和评估早期危机干预措施所面临的挑战。
